TAB-MAC：融合WiFi与THz的波束成形MAC协议提升无线通信效率

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本文主要探讨了"TAB-MAC：太赫兹通信网络的辅助波束成形MAC协议"，针对太赫兹通信（Terahertz band communication）在无线网络中面临的挑战进行深入研究。太赫兹频段具有极高的路径损耗和功率限制，这显著限制了其通信范围，特别是在没有有效波束成形定向天线的情况下，通信距离大大受限。因此，传统的媒体访问控制（MAC）协议在解决这些问题时显得力不从心。 TAB-MAC协议的独特之处在于它巧妙地结合了两种无线技术：2.4 GHz的WiFi和THz频段通信。首先，节点通过全向的2.4 GHz信道进行控制信息的交换和协调（阶段1），这种低频段通信具有更长的传播距离和更强的穿透能力。然后，在节点之间完成波束对准（阶段2）后，数据传输才在THz频段进行，确保了更高的数据速率和有限的通信范围内的有效连接。为了评估TAB-MAC协议的性能，作者建立了一个数学框架，考虑了关键参数如分组延迟、吞吐量、数据大小、数据帧大小、节点密度以及THz频带的数据速率。通过理论分析，论文确定了在不同条件下的性能极限，并通过数值结果来验证协议的有效性，从而为协议设计提供了指导原则。研究结果显示，TAB-MAC协议有效地提高了THz信道的利用率，减少了不必要的通信开销，同时实现了较高的吞吐量。这使得在高数据需求的无线通信网络中，尽管面临THz频段的挑战，但通过辅助波束成形和合理的协议设计，仍能保证高效的通信性能。 TAB-MAC协议代表了一种创新的方法，旨在解决太赫兹通信中的技术瓶颈，通过协作与优化，提升了网络的效率和可扩展性，对于未来高速无线通信网络的发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。

Nano Communication Networks 9 (2016) 36–42

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Nano Communication Networks

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nanocomnet

TAB-MAC: Assisted beamforming MAC protocol for Terahertz

communication networks

Xin-Wei Yao

a,∗

, Josep Miquel Jornet

College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China

Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo, NY 14260, USA

a r t i c l e i n f o

Article history:

Received 15 July 2016

Accepted 24 July 2016

Available online 21 September 2016

Keywords:

Terahertz band communication

MAC protocol

Assisted beamforming

2.4 GHz Wi-Fi

a b s t r a c t

Terahertz (THz) communication is envisioned as one of the key technologies to satisfy the increasing

demand for higher-speed wireless communication networks. The very high path loss at THz frequencies

and the power limitations of THz transceivers limit the communication distance in THz networks.

Beamforming directional antennas are needed simultaneously in transmission and in reception to

communicate over distances beyond a few meters. This results in many challenges at the link layer,

which cannot be easily addressed with existing Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols. In this paper,

an Assisted Beamforming MAC protocol for THz communication networks (TAB-MAC) is presented.

The protocol exploits two different wireless technologies, namely, WiFi at 2.4 GHz and THz-band

communication. In particular, nodes rely on the omnidirectional 2.4 GHz channel to exchange control

information and coordinate their data transmissions (Phase 1), whereas the actual data transfer occurs at

THz frequencies only after the nodes have aligned their beams (Phase 2). A mathematical framework is

developed to analyze the performance of the TAB-MAC protocol in terms of packet delay and throughput,

and theoretical upper bounds are derived as functions of total data size, data frame size, node density

and data rate in THz band. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed

protocol under different scenarios and define the protocol design guidelines. The results show that the

proposed protocol maximizes the THz channel utilization and achievable throughput.

1. Introduction

Over the last decades, wireless data rates have doubled every

eighteen months to satisfy the explosive growth of data traffic. Fol-

lowing this trend, it has been envisioned that Terabit-per-second

(Tbps) links will be required in the near future. Unfortunately, such

high data rates are beyond the reach of the traditional wireless

communication systems (under 5 GHz), and even the recently in-

vestigated millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) communication solutions

(30–300 GHz). This motivates the exploration of higher frequency

bands and their corresponding communication solutions. In this

context, the Terahertz (THz) band (0.1–10 THz) has been promoted

as a key wireless technology to satisfy this requirement [1,2].

With the development of compact THz transceivers and

antennas [3–5], THz communication networks are becoming a

∗

Corresponding author.

E-mail addresses: xwyao@zjut.edu.cn (X.-W. Yao), jmjornet@buffalo.edu

(J.M. Jornet).

reality. However, the peculiarities of the THz channel introduce

several challenges for THz communications over distances beyond

a few meters [6]. On the one hand, the much smaller effective

area of THz antennas, which is proportional to the square of the

carrier signal wavelength, results in a very high spreading loss.

On the other hand, the absorption from water vapor molecules

further increases the path-loss and limits the available bandwidth

for distances above several meters. Given the limited output power

of THz transceivers, high-gain directional antennas are needed to

communicate over distances beyond a few meters [7,8].

Similarly as in lower frequency communication systems,

beamforming antenna arrays are recommended to implement

directional transmission and improve the network performance.

Some Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols have been designed

for directional transmission [9–11], but these are unsuitable for

THz communication networks. The main reason for this is because

existing directional MAC protocols consider that a wireless link

can be established as long as at least one of the nodes has

a directional antenna (usually only the transmitter). However,

for THz networks, the very high path-loss at THz frequencies

requires directional antennas in transmission and in reception

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2016.07.003

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