802.11ax：新一代WiFi 6标准详解与挑战

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IEEE 802.11ax，也被称为下一代无线局域网络（WLAN）标准，是IEEE 802委员会为应对日益增长的密集型网络需求，特别是大量设备连接和接入点部署场景而发起的一项关键任务。该标准旨在提供显著的网络容量提升，因此被赋予了高效无线局域网（High-Efficiency WLAN，HEW）的称号。本文档由邓德俊、陈光成和程润祥三位专家共同撰写，他们分别来自台湾的国家彰化教育大学计算机科学与信息工程系、国立台湾大学通信工程研究所和昆山科技大学计算机与通信系。 802.11ax标准的标准化进程正在积极进行中，本文概述了这项新标准的关键特性。这些特性包括但不限于： 1. 高数据速率：通过引入先进的调制解调技术和多载波绑定，802.11ax能够支持更快的数据传输速度，满足高带宽需求，如4K视频流和虚拟现实应用。 2. 信道捆绑：802.11ax允许将多个无线信道合并使用，从而提高频谱效率，减少干扰，并支持更大的并发用户数。 3. 空间多工（Spatial Multiplexing）增强：利用MIMO技术的升级版，如OFDM（正交频分复用），增加并行数据传输路径，进一步提升吞吐量。 4. 帧结构优化：新的帧结构设计允许更灵活的数据发送，减少空闲时间，提高整体网络效率。 5. 增强的多接入点协作：通过MU-MIMO（多用户MIMO）和BF（ beamforming），多个设备可以同时从多个AP接收数据，实现更高效的网络覆盖。 6. 网络效率管理：802.11ax引入了QoS（服务质量）机制，确保关键应用程序的优先级，如VoIP和实时视频通信。 7. 增强的网络安全：新标准可能包含更强的安全特性，如WPA3，以保护网络免受威胁。尽管802.11ax带来了许多性能提升，但其设计和实施也面临着挑战，如频谱资源的有效分配、无线干扰控制以及如何在密集环境中保持稳定和高效通信。随着标准化工作的深入，802.11ax有望在未来几年内引领Wi-Fi技术的发展，为用户提供更高速度、更广泛的覆盖和更低的延迟体验。

IEEE 802.11ax: Next Generation Wireless Local Area

Networks

Der-Jiunn Deng

, Kwang-Cheng Chen

, Rung-Shiang Cheng

Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan

Department of Computer and Communication, Kun Shan University, Taiwan

djdeng@cc.ncue.edu.tw, ckc@ntu.edu.tw, rscheng@mail.ksu.edu.tw

Abstract—Recently, IEEE 802 started a task group to investigate

and deliver next generation WLAN technologies for the scenarios

of dense networks with a large number of stations and access

point. The proposal is specified as the IEEE 802.11ax amendment.

Due to the significant network capacity increase achieved by

802.11ax, the term high-efficiency WLAN (HEW) is also used in

reference to this new amendment. This paper summarizes the

IEEE 802.11ax standardization activities in progress and

presents an overview of the most important features proposed in

the 802.11ax amendment. Expected features and challenges for

802.11ax in the design of physical layer (PHY) and media access

control sub-layer (MAC), toward a new era of wireless LANs, are

also discussed.

Keywords-802.11ax, WLANs, GRAP, OFDMA, MU-MIMO,

medium access control, multiple access

I. INTRODUCTION

In past two decades, the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area

networks (WLANs) have experienced tremendous growth with

the proliferation of IEEE 802.11 devices as a major Internet

access for mobile computing. The IEEE standard for WLANs

was initiated in 1988 as IEEE 802.4L, a part of the IEEE 802.4

token bus wired LAN standard, and then change its name to

IEEE 802.11 to form a WLAN standard in 1990. This standard

describes the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control

sub-layer (MAC) specification for wireless connectivity for

fixed, portable and moving stations within a local area. After

delay for many years, IEEE 802.11 working group approved

the draft and later evolving into many amendments, particularly

for higher speed physical layer transmission, namely IEEE

802.11a, 11b, 11g, 11n, 11ac, for enhancement of higher level

service support like 11e (quality of service) and 11i (security),

for wireless access in vehicular environments, 11p, and for

mesh networking , 11s. The list of most popular past and

present 802.11 amendments is shown in Table 1.

A. Beyond 802.11ac

The tremendous growth of mobile data traffic and the

advent of bandwidth-hungry wireless applications highlight the

impending need for large bandwidth and high data rate in next

generation mobile networks. To this end, 802.11ac, the latest

approved 802.11 amendment, has been under development and

has the goal of reaching maximum aggregate network

throughput of at least 1 gigabit per second and a single link

throughput of at least 500 megabits per second on unlicensed

bands at 5 GHz band. This is accomplished by extending the

air interface concepts embraced by 802.11n: wider channel

bandwidth (20/40/80/160/80+80 MHz), more multiple-input

multiple-output (MIMO) spatial streams (up to eight antennas),

and high-density modulation (up to 256-QAM). In particular

downlink multi-user MIMO technology (up to four clients)

adopted improves the spectrum efficiency by allowing

simultaneous transmissions of multiple data frames to different

users. 802.11ac is backward compatible with 802.11a and

802.11n, and the first generation 802.11ac chips are already

available in the market. In contrast to all previous 802.11

amendments, 802.11ac is aimed at improving total network

throughput as well as individual link performance, with

possible integration with cellular systems. The evolution of

WiFi technology is illustrated in Fig. 1.

In the past, the standardization efforts have been very much

focused on increasing the link throughput, rather than efficient

use of spectrum and user experience such as latency.

Nowadays, WLAN devices are currently being deployed in

diverse environments. These environments are characterized by

the existence of many access points (AP) and mobile stations in

geographically limited areas. Increased interference from

neighboring devices and severe collisions from channel

contention in dense environments give rise to network

performance degradation. In addition, WLAN devices are

increasingly required to support a variety of applications such

as voice, video, cloud access, and traffic offloading. While

cellular companies are planning to kick off LTE-A service and

offering up to 1 gigabit per second data rate in the next few

years, WLAN also need to be upgraded to support increasing

demands of network performance by emerging applications,

including improved power consumption for battery-operated

devices, as shown in Fig. 2.

QSHINE 2014, August 18-20, RHODES, Greece

DOI 10.4108/icst.qshine.2014.256586

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