苹果官方英文版《iPhone OS Programming Guide》原著

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"英文版原著《iPhone OS Programming Guide》是一本由Apple Inc.于2008年出版的技术指南，详细介绍了开发iPhone操作系统应用的相关知识。本书涵盖了开发过程中的各种技术要点，版权归属Apple Inc.，并保留所有权利。" 《iPhone OS Programming Guide》是iOS开发者的重要参考资料，它深入解析了在iPhone OS（现称为iOS）平台上构建应用程序所需的技术和最佳实践。这本书主要面向有经验的软件开发人员，帮助他们理解和掌握Apple的移动设备开发环境。 1. **Objective-C编程基础**：书中详细介绍了Objective-C语言，它是开发iPhone应用的主要编程语言。读者将学习到类、对象、消息传递等Objective-C的核心概念，以及如何使用Cocoa Touch框架进行UI设计。 2. **Xcode集成开发环境**：Xcode是Apple提供的开发工具，书中会指导如何使用Xcode进行项目设置、代码编写、调试和测试，以及如何利用Interface Builder创建用户界面。 3. **Cocoa Touch框架**：Cocoa Touch是iPhone OS的核心组成部分，用于构建应用程序的用户界面。书中详细阐述了如何使用UIKit框架中的控件，如按钮、标签、文本字段等，以及手势识别和触摸事件处理。 4. **网络编程**：iPhone应用常常需要与服务器进行数据交互，书中会介绍如何使用HTTP、HTTPS和其他网络协议进行网络编程，以及JSON和XML的解析。 5. **多媒体支持**：iPhone OS支持多种媒体类型，如音频、视频和图像。书中会讲解如何处理这些媒体内容，包括使用AVFoundation框架播放音频和视频，以及Core Graphics和Core Image库进行图像处理。 6. **地图与定位服务**：通过Core Location框架，开发者可以获取设备的位置信息，并结合MapKit提供地图功能，如显示地图、添加标记和路线规划。 7. **推送通知**：书中的内容可能包括如何实现远程推送通知，让应用可以在后台接收服务器的消息。 8. **性能优化**：书中还会讨论性能优化技巧，如内存管理（ARC）、多线程和能耗控制，以确保应用在iPhone设备上运行流畅。 9. **测试与发布**：最后，开发者将学习如何进行应用的测试、打包和提交到App Store进行审核和分发。这本书对于想要深入了解iPhone应用开发的人来说，是一本不可或缺的参考书籍。它不仅提供了理论知识，还包含了许多实际案例和示例代码，帮助开发者快速上手并提升技能。虽然出版时间较早，但很多基础概念和技术原理至今仍具有很高的参考价值。

See Also

INTRODUCTION

Introduction

iPhone OS is the platform used to develop applications for iPhone and iPod touch devices. iPhone OS

complements the existing support for web applications by providing an environment for running applications

natively on a device. The applications you create live side by side with the system applications, such as the

Phone, iPod, Stocks, and Weather applications and are built using most of the same frameworks. Native

applications provide a natural performance advantage over web applications that can be used to create

more advanced applications such as games. They also let you interact with features that might not be available

in a web-based application, such as the accelerometers.

If you are an existing Mac OS X developer, some aspects of iPhone OS should seem very familiar. Many of

the same underlying technologies used to build Mac OS X applications are also used to build iPhone

applications. iPhone OS leverages the maturity of the Mac OS X architecture and framework stack to provide

a reliable and already tested platform for developing applications. Even the newer frameworks that do not

have direct analogs in Mac OS X still borrow from the basic structure and design methodologies that have

already been proven on that platform.

In addition to the platform technologies, the development environment in Mac OS X is based on another

proven technology: the Xcode development tools. Xcode makes it easy to develop and test your iPhone

applications locally, on your Mac OS X development system, and on a device. When you build an application,

you tell Xcode whether you want to build and run that application and run it on a device or in the iPhone

simulator. The simulator mimics most of the iPhone OS environment, providing a way for you to get your

application up and running quickly. Of course, some features require you to do your testing on a device, but

going back and forth between the simulator and device is easy.

All of the tools and technologies you need to develop applications for iPhone OS are included with the iPhone

SDK.

iPhone OS Feature Summary

The following list is a high-level summary of some of the features available in iPhone OS. Because the

technology stack in iPhone OS is rich, this list does not call out every feature, but instead tries to call out

some of the more specialized features that you might be interested in as an application developer. For a

specific list of frameworks and technologies available in iPhone OS, see “iPhone OS Technologies” (page 33).

■ Infrastructure

❏

High-level infrastructure for running your application’s main processing loop

❏

Support for interface abstractions such as windows and views

❏

Support for handling Multi-Touch events

❏

Support for security features such as encryption, certificate management, and trust policies

❏

Support for internationalizing your software

❏

Support for communicating between applications using URL schemes

iPhone OS Feature Summary 17

CHAPTER 1

iPhone OS Overview

Development Tools

Xcode, Interface Builder, and Instruments are the main tools you use to manage your iPhone source files,

build them, and run them. Xcode is an integrated development environment (IDE) that provides the main

work environment for your project. You use this program daily for writing, compiling, running, and debugging

your code. It has all of the features you would expect in an advanced code development application and

many more. Among the main features are the following:

■ A project management system for defining software products

■ A code editing environment that includes features such as syntax coloring, code completion, and symbol

indexing

■ An advanced documentation window for viewing and searching iPhone OS documentation

■ An advanced build system with dependency checking and build rule evaluation

■ Integrated source-level debugging using GDB

■ Support for running iPhone applications in a simulator or on a device

Interface Builder is a tool you use in conjunction with Xcode to reduce the amount of time it takes to build

and test your application’s user interface. Interface Builder is a graphical application that you use to assemble

your application’s interface visually. From the Interface Builder editing environment, you drag and drop

standard system components (such as views and controls) into a window, arrange them, and configure their

attributes, all in a matter of seconds. The resulting interface reflects both the visual appearance and the

object relationships that will exist in your application at runtime. All of this information is then saved in a

special resource file that you load in your application when you need that particular interface.

Instruments is an advanced debugging and performance analysis application that you use to gather

information about the runtime behavior of your application once it is built. Instruments lets you run your

application in the simulator or on a device and track the amount of memory you are using, look for leaks,

and find out other information about your application’s activity. You can also compare the data you gather

from several different runs to track your application’s improvement.

For more information about Xcode and the other tools you use to build and run your projects, see

“Development Environment” (page 41).

About iPhone Development

If you typically develop applications for desktop operating systems, such as Mac OS X or Windows, you may

find developing for iPhone OS requires you to rethink your overall design. Many of the features you might

expect to find in a desktop operating system may simply be irrelevant or impractical in iPhone OS. For

example, the text-system facilities in iPhone OS are geared toward the needs of mobile users, who typically

write email or take notes, not generate long reports. The lack of some features typically present in desktop

applications is intentional and has been done to optimize the experience of working on a mobile device.

More important than the features that are not present are the ones that are. Part of the iPhone user experience

is the ability to interact with iPhone and iPod touch devices in ways that you cannot interact with desktop

applications. The Multi-Touch interface is a revolutionary new way to receive events, reporting on each

separate finger that touches the screen and making it possible to handle multifinger gestures and other

Development Tools 19

CHAPTER 1

iPhone OS Overview

complex input easily. Built-in hardware features such as the accelerometers, although present in some desktop

systems, are used more extensively in iPhone OS to track the screen’s current orientation and adjust your

content accordingly.

The following sections provide you with a high-level introduction to some of the fundamental design practices

used in iPhone OS. This list is not exhaustive but touches on the practices that may alter the way you approach

your application’s design. And although some of these practices will be familiar to existing Mac OS X

programmers, many will also be new.

Application Styles

Much of the success of iPhone and iPod touch lies in the user experience. The integration of the hardware

with the system software and built-in system applications provides a single, coherent experience for the user

that focuses on the user’s needs in the moment. While on the go, a user does not want to spend time digging

through screen after screen of data looking for information. The user needs to find the required information

quickly and move on to the next task.

The first step in designing your own applications is to decide what style of application you plan to provide.

The application style is the key to determining which types of views and controls you should use in your

interface and how information should be organized. iPhone OS defines three basic styles for applications:

■ Productivity style

■ Utility style

■ Immersive style

The following sections provide an overview of these styles and the types of content for which they are suited.

For more information about picking the actual controls to use in your interface, see iPhone Human Interface

Guidelines.

Note: Many application styles can also be implemented using HTML and JavaScript and delivered via the

web. Web-based applications can often perform many of the same tasks typically performed by native

applications, even though they may not have access to the exact same set of features. Because they are often

simpler and faster to create, web-based applications should be considered as an option for development

over native applications.

You can create such applications using Dashcode or using your favorite HTML development tools. For

information and guidance about how to create web-based applications, see Safari Web Content Guide for

iPhone OS. For information about using Dashcode to create your web-based applications, see Dashcode User

Guide.

Productivity Applications

In a productivity application, the focus is on the organization and manipulation of detailed information.

Information in productivity applications is usually text-based, but may also be image based if the content is

more visually oriented. To facilitate the navigation of the information, productivity applications tend to use

multiple screens and make use of system controls to handle the navigation from screen to screen. The Settings

application (Figure 1-1) is an example of a productivity application that uses a hierarchical navigation model

to navigate from general to specific preferences.

About iPhone Development

CHAPTER 1

iPhone OS Overview

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