IEEE与OpenGroup 2008 POSIX标准解析

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“C082_POSIX.1-2008.PDF是IEEE和The Open Group联合发布的2008年版POSIX标准，全称为‘IEEEStd1003.1™-2008’，也被称为‘The Open Group Technical Standard Base Specifications, Issue 7’。这个标准是信息技术领域的便携式操作系统接口（POSIX®）基础规范的第七版。它由IEEE Computer Society的便携式应用程序标准委员会和The Open Group共同批准，并在2008年9月26日和7月26日分别获得IEEE-SA Standards Board和The Open Group的批准。” POSIX（Portable Operating System Interface）标准是一系列定义了操作系统接口和环境的规范，旨在促进源代码级别的应用程序可移植性。这个标准主要包含四个主要组件： 1. **通用术语、概念和接口**：这些是所有标准卷共有的，包括实用程序的约定和行为，如命令解释器（或“shell”），这是用户与操作系统交互的主要方式。 2. **系统调用和库接口**：这是应用程序与操作系统内核进行通信的基础，包括文件操作、进程管理、内存管理、网络通信等系统调用。 3. **实用程序和工具**：这包括一组标准的命令行工具，如ls、cd、cp、mv等，它们提供了操作系统的基本功能。 4. **国际化和本地化**：这部分规定了如何支持多种语言和文化环境，以便软件能在不同的地区和语言环境中正常工作。 POSIX.1-2008标准不仅对系统调用、库函数、命令行接口进行了详细定义，还涵盖了错误处理、进程间通信、线程、定时器、信号、文件系统以及网络接口等多个方面。它不仅适用于Unix系统，也对Linux和其他遵循POSIX标准的操作系统有指导意义。对于应用开发者而言，POSIX标准提供了一套跨平台的API和工具集，使得他们可以编写一次代码，在多个符合POSIX标准的平台上运行。对于系统实现者来说，遵循POSIX标准意味着他们的操作系统将能吸引更多的开发者和用户，因为这些系统具有良好的兼容性和可移植性。 POSIX.1-2008是IT领域的一个关键标准，它为操作系统设计和应用程序开发提供了统一的框架，促进了不同操作系统间的互操作性和软件的复用性。

IEEE-SA Standards Board

When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 26 September 2008, it had the following membership:

Robert M. Grow, Chair

Tom A. Prevost, Vice Chair

Steve M. Mills, Past Chair

Judith Gorman, Secretary

Victor Berman James Hughes Chuck Powers

Richard DeBlasio Richard H. Hulett Narayanan Ramachandran

Andrew Drozd Young Kyun Kim Jon Walter Rosdahl

Mark Epstein Joseph L. Koepfinger * Anne-Marie Sahazizian

Alexander Gelman John Kulick Malcolm V. Thaden

William R. Goldbach David J. Law Howard L. Wolfman

Arnold M. Greenspan Glenn Parsons Don Wright

Kenneth S. Hanus Ronald C. Petersen

* Member Emitirus

Also included are the following non-voting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:

Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative

Michael H. Kelley, NIST Representative

Don Messina, IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development

Michael Kipness, IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development

Contents

Volume 1 Base Deﬁnitions, Issue 7............................................................. 1

Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................................... 3

1.1 Scope ......................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Conformance............................................................................................ 4

1.3 Normative References ............................................................................ 4

1.4 Change History ....................................................................................... 5

1.5 Terminology ............................................................................................. 5

1.6 Deﬁnitions and Concepts....................................................................... 6

1.7 Portability................................................................................................. 6

1.7.1 Codes ..................................................................................................... 7

1.7.2 Margin Code Notation ........................................................................ 13

Chapter 2 Conformance......................................................................................... 15

2.1 Implementation Conformance .............................................................. 15

2.1.1 Requirements ........................................................................................ 15

2.1.2 Documentation ..................................................................................... 16

2.1.3 POSIX Conformance ............................................................................ 16

2.1.4 XSI Conformance ................................................................................. 19

2.1.5 Option Groups ...................................................................................... 20

2.1.6 Options .................................................................................................. 26

2.2 Application Conformance ...................................................................... 29

2.2.1 Strictly Conforming POSIX Application........................................... 29

2.2.2 Conforming POSIX Application ........................................................ 30

2.2.3 Conforming POSIX Application Using Extensions......................... 30

2.2.4 Strictly Conforming XSI Application ................................................ 30

2.2.5 Conforming XSI Application Using Extensions .............................. 31

2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming

Language .................................................................................................. 31

2.4 Other Language-Related Speciﬁcations............................................... 31

Chapter 3 Deﬁnitions.............................................................................................. 33

3.1 Abortive Release ...................................................................................... 33

3.2 Absolute Pathname ................................................................................. 33

3.3 Access Mode ............................................................................................ 33

3.4 Additional File Access Control Mechanism........................................ 33

3.5 Address Space.......................................................................................... 33

3.6 Advisory Information ............................................................................. 34

3.7 Afﬁrmative Response ............................................................................. 34

3.8 Alert .......................................................................................................... 34

3.9 Alert Character (<alert>)........................................................................ 34

3.10 Alias Name ............................................................................................... 34

3.11Alignment ................................................................................................ 35

3.12 Alternate File Access Control Mechanism .......................................... 35

Contents

3.13 Alternate Signal Stack............................................................................. 35

3.14 Ancillary Data .......................................................................................... 35

3.15 Angle Brackets ......................................................................................... 35

3.16 Apostrophe Character (<apostrophe>) ................................................ 35

3.17 Application............................................................................................... 35

3.18 Application Address ............................................................................... 36

3.19 Application Program Interface (API)................................................... 36

3.20 Appropriate Privileges........................................................................... 36

3.21 Argument ................................................................................................. 36

3.22 Arm (a Timer) .......................................................................................... 36

3.23 Asterisk Character (<asterisk>) ............................................................ 36

3.24 Async-Cancel-Safe Function .................................................................. 36

3.25 Asynchronous Events............................................................................. 37

3.26 Asynchronous Input and Output ......................................................... 37

3.27 Async-Signal-Safe Function ................................................................... 37

3.28 Asynchronously-Generated Signal....................................................... 37

3.29 Asynchronous I/O Completion............................................................ 37

3.30 Asynchronous I/O Operation............................................................... 37

3.31 Authentication......................................................................................... 37

3.32 Authorization .......................................................................................... 38

3.33 Background Job ....................................................................................... 38

3.34 Background Process ................................................................................ 38

3.35 Background Process Group (or Background Job)............................... 38

3.36 Backquote Character ............................................................................... 38

3.37 Backslash Character (<backslash>) ...................................................... 38

3.38 Backspace Character (<backspace>) .................................................... 38

3.39 Barrier ....................................................................................................... 39

3.40 Basename.................................................................................................. 39

3.41 Basic Regular Expression (BRE)............................................................ 39

3.42 Batch Access List ..................................................................................... 39

3.43 Batch Administrator ............................................................................... 39

3.44 Batch Client .............................................................................................. 39

3.45 Batch Destination .................................................................................... 40

3.46 Batch Destination Identiﬁer................................................................... 40

3.47 Batch Directive ......................................................................................... 40

3.48 Batch Job ................................................................................................... 40

3.49 Batch Job Attribute.................................................................................. 40

3.50 Batch Job Identiﬁer.................................................................................. 40

3.51 Batch Job Name ....................................................................................... 41

3.52 Batch Job Owner...................................................................................... 41

3.53 Batch Job Priority .................................................................................... 41

3.54 Batch Job State ......................................................................................... 41

3.55 Batch Name Service ................................................................................ 41

3.56 Batch Name Space................................................................................... 41

3.57 Batch Node ............................................................................................... 42

3.58 Batch Operator ......................................................................................... 42

3.59 Batch Queue ............................................................................................. 42

3.60 Batch Queue Attribute............................................................................ 42

3.61 Batch Queue Position ............................................................................. 42

3.62 Batch Queue Priority .............................................................................. 42

3.63 Batch Rerunability ................................................................................... 43

3.64 Batch Restart ............................................................................................ 43

Contents

3.65 Batch Server ............................................................................................. 43

3.66 Batch Server Name.................................................................................. 43

3.67 Batch Service ............................................................................................ 43

3.68 Batch Service Request............................................................................. 43

3.69 Batch Submission .................................................................................... 43

3.70 Batch System ............................................................................................ 44

3.71 Batch Target User .................................................................................... 44

3.72 Batch User ................................................................................................ 44

3.73 Bind ........................................................................................................... 44

3.74 Blank Character (<blank>)..................................................................... 44

3.75 Blank Line ................................................................................................. 44

3.76 Blocked Process (or Thread) .................................................................. 44

3.77 Blocking .................................................................................................... 44

3.78 Block-Mode Terminal ............................................................................. 45

3.79 Block Special File..................................................................................... 45

3.80 Braces ........................................................................................................ 45

3.81 Brackets..................................................................................................... 45

3.82 Broadcast .................................................................................................. 45

3.83 Built-In Utility (or Built-In).................................................................... 46

3.84 Byte............................................................................................................ 46

3.85 Byte Input/Output Functions ............................................................... 46

3.86 Carriage-Return Character (<carriage-return>) ................................. 46

3.87 Character .................................................................................................. 47

3.88 Character Array ....................................................................................... 47

3.89 Character Class ........................................................................................ 47

3.90 Character Set ............................................................................................ 47

3.91 Character Special File ............................................................................. 47

3.92 Character String ....................................................................................... 47

3.93 Child Process ........................................................................................... 48

3.94 Circumﬂex Character (<circumﬂex>) ................................................... 48

3.95 Clock ......................................................................................................... 48

3.96 Clock Jump ............................................................................................... 48

3.97 Clock Tick ................................................................................................. 48

3.98 Coded Character Set ............................................................................... 48

3.99 Codeset ..................................................................................................... 49

3.100 Collating Element .................................................................................... 49

3.101 Collation ................................................................................................... 49

3.102 Collation Sequence .................................................................................. 49

3.103 Column Position ...................................................................................... 50

3.104 Command................................................................................................. 50

3.105 Command Language Interpreter .......................................................... 50

3.106 Composite Graphic Symbol................................................................... 50

3.107 Condition Variable .................................................................................. 50

3.108 Connected Socket .................................................................................... 51

3.109 Connection ............................................................................................... 51

3.110 Connection Mode .................................................................................... 51

3.111 Connectionless Mode ............................................................................. 51

3.112 Control Character.................................................................................... 51

3.113 Control Operator..................................................................................... 51

3.114 Controlling Process ................................................................................. 51

3.115 Controlling Terminal .............................................................................. 52

3.116 Conversion Descriptor ........................................................................... 52

Contents

3.117 CoreFile .................................................................................................... 52

3.118 CPU Time (Execution Time) .................................................................. 52

3.119 CPU-Time Clock...................................................................................... 52

3.120 CPU-Time Timer ...................................................................................... 52

3.121 Current Job............................................................................................... 52

3.122 Current Working Directory .................................................................... 53

3.123 Cursor Position ........................................................................................ 53

3.124 Datagram.................................................................................................. 53

3.125 Data Segment ........................................................................................... 53

3.126 Deferred Batch Service ........................................................................... 53

3.127 Device ....................................................................................................... 53

3.128 Device ID .................................................................................................. 53

3.129 Directory ................................................................................................... 53

3.130 Directory Entry (or Link) ....................................................................... 53

3.131 Directory Stream ..................................................................................... 54

3.132 Disarm (a Timer) ..................................................................................... 54

3.133 Display...................................................................................................... 54

3.134 Display Line ............................................................................................. 54

3.135 Dollar-Sign Character (<dollar-sign>) ................................................. 54

3.136 Dot............................................................................................................. 54

3.137 Dot-Dot ..................................................................................................... 55

3.138 Double-Quote Character ........................................................................ 55

3.139 Downshifting ........................................................................................... 55

3.140 Driver........................................................................................................ 55

3.141 Effective Group ID .................................................................................. 55

3.142 Effective User ID ..................................................................................... 55

3.143 Eight-Bit Transparency ........................................................................... 55

3.144 Empty Directory ...................................................................................... 56

3.145 Empty Line ............................................................................................... 56

3.146 Empty String (or Null String)................................................................ 56

3.147 Empty Wide-Character String............................................................... 56

3.148 Encoding Rule ......................................................................................... 56

3.149 EntireRegular Expression ...................................................................... 56

3.150 Epoch ........................................................................................................ 57

3.151 Equivalence Class .................................................................................... 57

3.152 Era.............................................................................................................. 57

3.153 Event Management ................................................................................. 57

3.154 Executable File ......................................................................................... 57

3.155 Execute...................................................................................................... 58

3.156 Execution Time ........................................................................................ 58

3.157 Execution Time Monitoring................................................................... 58

3.158 Expand...................................................................................................... 58

3.159 Extended Regular Expression (ERE) .................................................... 58

3.160 Extended Security Controls ................................................................... 58

3.161 FeatureTest Macro.................................................................................. 59

3.162 Field........................................................................................................... 59

3.163 FIFO Special File (or FIFO) .................................................................... 59

3.164 File ............................................................................................................. 59

3.165 File Description ....................................................................................... 59

3.166 File Descriptor ......................................................................................... 60

3.167 File Group Class ...................................................................................... 60

3.168 File Mode .................................................................................................. 60

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