C8051单片机AES加密实现：高效128/192/256位标准

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本篇文档是一份关于AES单片机加密的手册，主要针对C8051系列微控制器。AES（Advanced Encryption Standard）是一种高级加密标准，由美国联邦信息处理标准机构批准，适用于商业和个人应用。它采用128位、192位或256位密钥，用于加密16字节的数据块，旨在保护电子传输过程中的数据安全。 AES算法源自Rijndael算法，但AES作为其简化版本，仅支持特定的密钥大小和数据长度，而Rijndael则提供更多的可选项。这份应用笔记旨在为Silicon Labs的C8051F326/7等微控制器提供AES算法的示例实现，并详细分析该实现的性能。该手册特别强调了模块化的加密和解密模块设计，使得代码能够适应多种硬件环境，尽管示例代码针对的是特定型号的芯片，但其通用性原理和编码方法对其他类似设备也有指导价值。学习者可以通过阅读这份手册，了解AES算法的工作原理、如何在C8051平台上实现以及可能遇到的技术挑战。同时，对于需要在数据传输中增强安全性的项目，这将是一个宝贵的参考资料，帮助开发者确保数据在单片机环境中得到可靠且高效的加密保护。值得注意的是，随着密码学技术的发展，理解并掌握AES标准对于保护敏感信息至关重要，尤其是在物联网和嵌入式系统领域。

AN324

ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD

RELEVANT DEVICES

All Silicon Labs MCUs.

1. Introduction

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is an algorithm used to encrypt and decrypt data for the purposes of

protecting the data when it is transmitted electronically. The AES algorithm allows for the use of cipher keys that

are 128, 192, or 256 bits long to protect data in 16-byte blocks.

AES is a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standards approved algorithm that is also approved for commercial

and private applications. Since its acceptance in 2001, AES has become widely used in a variety of applications.

The AES algorithm is a reduced version of the Rijndael algorithm, though the names are sometimes used

interchangeably. The Rijndael algorithm allows for additional key sizes and data sizes that are not supported by

AES.

The purpose of this application note is to provide a sample implementation of the AES algorithm for Silicon Labs

microcontrollers and to detail the performance of the implementation. The provided example code is intended for

C8051F326/7 devices, but, since the code is not hardware-specific, it can easily be ported to any Silicon Labs

microcontroller.

This application note does not describe the mathematics used in the algorithm. An explanation of the mathematics,

along with other information about AES, is available in the official AES document provided by the National Institute

of Standards and Technology, FIPS PUB 197 (available at http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/).

1.1. Potential Applications

Since the minimum key size of AES is 128-bits, it is considered to be immune to brute force attacks for the near

future. Given the strength of the cipher, implementing AES requires relatively few resources in terms of memory

and system cycles, which makes it a good choice for an encryption algorithm. Some sample applications where

AES is useful are:

 Wireless communication, such as wireless keyboards

 Point-of-sale terminals

 Surveillance applications

2. Implementation

The AES algorithm is a symmetric-key algorithm. A symmetric-key algorithm uses the same or related keys to

encrypt and decrypt the data. In the AES algorithm, the input data is 16 bytes, and the resulting encrypted data is

also 16 bytes. The encryption and decryption routines use the same private key that is 128, 192, or 256 bits. The

larger the key size used, the more difficult it is to break the algorithm and obtain the encrypted data.

The example code provided with this application note is a mostly straightforward implementation of the algorithm

provided in FIPS PUB 197. In order to maintain easy readability, the example code uses the same terminology and

function names provided in the specification. The optimizations used in this example that deviate from the example

implementation provided in the specification are described in more detail in "3.2. Optimization" on page 4.

2.1. Firmware Organization

The code is divided into three independent modules: encryption, decryption, and key expansion. The encryption

module includes the firmware necessary to convert the input data to cipher text. The decryption module converts

cipher text back to plain text or unencrypted data. The key expansion module expands the cipher key into a global

array that is used by both the encryption and decryption routines.

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