HBase实战：NickDimiduk与AmandeepKhurana解析 - CSDN文库

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"HBase in Action 实战" 《HBase in Action》是一本深入探讨HBase实战的书籍，由Nick Dimiduk和Amandeep Khurana撰写，并由Mark Henry Ryan担任技术编辑。这本书由Manning出版社出版，旨在帮助读者理解和掌握分布式列式数据库HBase的使用和操作。 HBase，基于Google的Bigtable设计理念，是Apache Hadoop生态系统中的一个关键组件，特别适合处理大规模、非结构化数据。书中的内容涵盖了HBase的基础概念、架构设计、数据模型、表设计原则以及高级特性，如 Region 分区、Master-Slave架构、读写流程、数据一致性模型等。作者通过实际案例和实践经验，详细解释了如何在生产环境中部署、配置、优化和维护HBase。书中不仅介绍了如何利用HBase的API进行数据操作，还讨论了与HBase集成的其他Hadoop组件，如Hadoop MapReduce和Hive，以实现数据分析和处理。此外，书中还涉及监控、故障排查、性能调优和扩展性策略，这些都是在实际运营HBase时非常重要的方面。对于开发人员和系统管理员来说，这些内容有助于提升他们在大数据场景下的问题解决能力。在学习HBase的过程中，读者还会了解到如何处理时间戳和版本控制，这对于实时数据更新和历史数据保留至关重要。此外，HBase的 Coprocessors 和 Filter 机制也会被详细讲解，它们允许在数据存储和检索阶段实现自定义逻辑，提高了数据处理的灵活性。本书还强调了HBase与其他NoSQL数据库的比较，帮助读者理解何时选择HBase以及其相对于其他技术的优势。通过阅读《HBase in Action》，读者不仅能获得扎实的理论知识，还能掌握实践技巧，从而在大数据领域中有效地运用HBase解决实际问题。

xv

preface

I got my start with HBase in the fall of 2008. It was a young project then, released only

in the preceding year. As early releases go, it was quite capable, although not without its

fair share of embarrassing warts. Not bad for an Apache subproject with fewer than 10

active committers to its name! That was the height of the No

SQL hype. The term NoSQL

hadn’t even been presented yet but would come into common parlance over the next

year. No one could articulate why the idea was important—only that it was important—

and everyone in the open source data community was obsessed with this concept. The

community was polarized, with people either bashing relational databases for their fool-

ish rigidity or mocking these new technologies for their lack of sophistication.

The people exploring this new idea were mostly in internet companies, and I came

to work for such a company—a startup interested in the analysis of social media con-

tent. Facebook still enforced its privacy policies then, and Twitter wasn’t big enough to

know what a Fail Whale was yet. Our interest at the time was mostly in blogs. I left a

company where I’d spent the better part of three years working on a hierarchical data-

base engine. We made extensive use of Berkeley

DB, so I was familiar with data tech-

nologies that didn’t have a SQL engine. I joined a small team tasked with building a

new data-management platform. We had an MS SQL database stuffed to the gills with

blog posts and comments. When our daily analysis jobs breached the 18-hour mark,

we knew the current system’s days were numbered.

After cataloging a basic set of requirements, we set out to find a new data technol-

ogy. We were a small team and spent months evaluating different options while main-

taining current systems. We experimented with different approaches and learned

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PREFACE

xvi

firsthand the pains of manually partitioning data. We studied the CAP theorem and

eventual consistency—and the tradeoffs. Despite its warts, we decided on HBase, and

we convinced our manager that the potential benefits outweighed the risks he saw in

open source technology.

I’d played a bit with Hadoop at home but had never written a real MapReduce job.

I’d heard of

HBase but wasn’t particularly interested in it until I was in this new posi-

tion. With the clock ticking, there was nothing to do but jump in. We scrounged up a

couple of spare machines and a bit of rack, and then we were off and running. It was a

.

NET shop, and we had no operational help, so we learned to combine bash with rsync

and managed the cluster ourselves.

I joined the mailing lists and the

IRC channel and started asking questions. Around

this time, I met Amandeep. He was working on his master’s thesis, hacking up HBase

to run on systems other than Hadoop. Soon he finished school, joined Amazon, and

moved to Seattle. We were among the very few HBase-ers in this extremely Microsoft-

centric city. Fast-forward another two years…

The idea of

HBase in Action was first proposed to us in the fall of 2010. From my

perspective, the project was laughable. Why should we, two community members,

write a book about

HBase? Internally, it’s a complex beast. The Definitive Guide was still

a work in progress, but we both knew its author, a committer, and were well aware of

the challenge before him. From the outside, I thought it’s just a “simple key-value

store.” The

API has only five concepts, none of which is complex. We weren’t going to

write another internals book, and I wasn’t convinced there was enough going on from

the application developer’s perspective to justify an entire book.

We started brainstorming the project, and it quickly became clear that I was wrong.

Not only was there enough material for a user’s guide, but our position as community

members made us ideal candidates to write such a book. We set out to catalogue the

useful bits of knowledge we’d each accumulated over the couple of years we’d used

the technology. That effort—this book—is the distillation of our eight years of com-

bined

HBase experience. It’s targeted to those brand new to HBase, and it provides

guidance over the stumbling blocks we encountered during our own journeys. We’ve

collected and codified as much as we could of the tribal knowledge floating around

the community. Wherever possible, we prefer concrete direction to vague advice. Far

more than a simple

FAQ, we hope you’ll find this book to be a complete manual to

getting off the ground with HBase.

HBase is now stabilizing. Most of the warts we encountered when we began with the

project have been cleaned up, patched, or completely re-architected. HBase is

approaching its 1.0 release, and we’re proud to be part of this community as we

approach this milestone. We’re proud to present this manuscript to the community in

hopes that it will encourage and enable the next generation of HBase users. The sin-

gle strongest component of

HBase is its thriving community—we hope you’ll join us in

that community and help it continue to innovate in this new era of data systems.

NICK DIMIDUK

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PREFACE

xvii

If you’re reading this, you’re presumably interested in knowing how I got involved

with HBase. Let me start by saying thank you for choosing this book as your means to

learn about HBase and how to build applications that use HBase as their underlying

storage system. I hope you’ll find the text useful and learn some neat tricks that will

help you build better applications and enable you to succeed.

I was pursuing graduate studies in computer science at

UC Santa Cruz, specializing

in distributed systems, when I started working at Cisco as a part-time researcher. The

team I was working with was trying to build a data-integration framework that could

integrate, index, and allow exploration of data residing in hundreds of heterogeneous

data stores, including but not limited to large

RDBMS systems. We started looking for

systems and solutions that would help us solve the problems at hand. We evaluated

many different systems, from object databases to graph databases, and we considered

building a custom distributed data-storage layer backed by Berkeley

DB. It was clear

that one of the key requirements was scalability, and we didn’t want to build a full-

fledged distributed system. If you’re in a situation where you think you need to build

out a custom distributed database or file system, think again—try to see if an existing

solution can solve part of your problem.

Following that principle, we decided that building out a new system wasn’t the best

approach and to use an existing technology instead. That was when I started playing

with the Hadoop ecosystem, getting my hands dirty with the different components in

the stack and going on to build a proof-of-concept for the data-integration system on

top of

HBase. It actually worked and scaled well! HBase was well-suited to the problem,

but these were young projects at the time—and one of the things that ensured our

success was the community.

HBase has one of the most welcoming and vibrant open

source communities; it was much smaller at the time, but the key principles were the

same then as now.

The data-integration project later became my master’s thesis. The project used

HBase at its core, and I became more involved with the community as I built it out. I

asked questions, and, with time, answered questions others asked, on both the mailing

lists and the

IRC channel. This is when I met Nick and got to know what he was work-

ing on. With each day that I worked on this project, my interest and love for the tech-

nology and the open source community grew, and I wanted to stay involved.

After finishing grad school, I joined Amazon in Seattle to work on back-end distrib-

uted systems projects. Much of my time was spent with the Elastic MapReduce team,

building the first versions of their hosted

HBase offering. Nick also lived in Seattle,

and we met often and talked about the projects we were working on. Toward the end

of 2010, the idea of writing HBase in Action for Manning came up. We initially scoffed

at the thought of writing a book on

HBase, and I remember saying to Nick, “It’s gets,

puts, and scans—there’s not a lot more to HBase from the client side. Do you want to

write a book about three API calls?”

But the more we thought about this, the more we realized that building applications

with

HBase was challenging and there wasn’t enough material to help people get off the

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