1 INTRODUCTION
Virtual enterprise[1-2] is a kind of new enterprise
management model, which can rapidly meet the
requirement of market changes and improve the ability in
the competition. Recently, the quantity of virtual
enterprises in the world has been increasing gradually.
However, the failure alliances are also frequently seen. It
indicates that risk management of virtual enterprises is
very important. The virtual enterprises have certain
advantages, but the complexity of their organization makes
the uncertainties increasing, the risk analysis control is
difficult and the risk management is complex[3-5]. In
order to achieve smooth operation and expected profits, the
virtual enterprises must succeed to avoid the risks. The
paper adopts the idea and method of
bilevel
Programming[6-7] to
manage the risk in virtual enterprises.
It can not only fully reflect the characteristics of VE, but
also clearly and visually describe its risk changing and thus
effectively control the risk in VE. Therefore, the bilevel
programming model is established according to the idea of
bilevel programming, and a genetic algorithm is designed
to solve this model.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows: In Section 2,
the problem description and an preliminary analysis was
given. Section 3 presents the mathematical model of the
problem, and Section 4 describes the solution process of the
model. Simulation study is contained in Section 5. Finally,
conclusions are addressed in Section 6.
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China under Grant No.70671020, No.70721001, No.70931001 and
No.60673159, Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of
Higher Education under Grant No.20070145017, the
Chinese Universities Scientific Fund under Grant No.N090504006 and
No. N090504003.
2 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION AND
ANALYSIS
Problems needed to solve are: (1) Reserve the best
risk-controlling funds according to forecasted risks in the
different operation stages at the beginning of VE operation.
(2) Obtain the best measures to control the risk and the
investment of each stage according to the specific risk at the
different the operation stages. Virtual enterprise operation
process is divided into T stages. To facilitate the
establishment of model assumptions are as follows:
First: There exist different kinds of risks and control
measures in each stage, and the risks is interactional in one
stage and changes constantly in different stages.
Second: One risk can be controlled by using a variety of
measures; however, one measure can be used to one risk
only. Each measure has several optional funds section to
achieve risk control of different degree.
In accordance with above description, the paper adopts two
levels model framework to solve above problems, Where,
the top-level is mainly used to determine the reserve funds
of risk control; the profit is the margin of the income of risk
control and investment. The incomes mainly include the
loss of risk control and the profits arising from the risk of
speculation. The base-level is mainly to determine the
specific measures of risk control to achieve the goal of
maximum yield. The specific description of mathematical
model is as follows[8-12].
3 MODELING
3.1 Top-level
3.1.1 Parameters of Top-level
①Decision variables of top-level:
Model and Algorithm for the Risk Management of Virtual Enterprise Based on
the Bilevel Programming
Xianli Sun
1,2,3
, Min Huang
1,2
, Xingwei Wang
1
1. College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004
2. Key Laboratory of Integrated Automation of Process Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110004
3. Department of Information and Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang,110136
E-mail: sxl710404@sina.com
Abstract: In view of the Virtual Enterprises’ characteristics, such as the complexity of the composition and operation
with stage, the idea of Bilevel Programming is applied to the management of the Virtual Enterprises’ risks, a Bilevel
Programming risk management model is developed, and describes how to reserve the best risk-controlling funds
according to the forecasted risks in different operation stages from the beginning, and how to take best measures to
control the risk and the investment of each stage especially the specific risk which is possible at a certain operation
stages. To solve the model, a genetic algorithm is developed. The computing results on simulative examples show the
effectiveness and feasibility of the model and algorithm for the risk management of Virtual Enterprises.
Key Words: Virtual enterprise, Risk management, Bilevel Programming, Genetic algorithm