Vulkan API速查指南：高效图形与计算接口

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"Vulkan1.0快速参考指南" Vulkan是一个由Khronos Group开发的图形和计算API，用于在各种平台上实现高效、低级别的硬件访问，以产生高质量的三维图像。该API的设计目的是提高性能、减少应用程序的多线程复杂性，并允许更精细的控制权交给开发者，以优化他们的游戏和图形应用。 Vulkan API的核心概念包括以下几个方面： 1. **程序和内核**：Vulkan支持指定着色器程序和计算内核，这些是GPU执行的定制计算任务。这包括顶点着色器、片段着色器、几何着色器等，以及用于并行数据处理的计算着色器。 2. **对象和操作**：Vulkan定义了一系列对象，如设备、队列、缓冲区、图像、描述符集等，用于管理图形和计算操作。通过这些对象，开发者可以创建和配置图形管道的各个阶段。 3. **固定功能和可编程管道**：Vulkan管道包含一系列可编程和固定功能阶段。可编程阶段（如着色器）允许开发者编写自定义代码，而固定功能阶段则处理诸如光栅化和颜色混合这样的任务。 4. **命令函数指针**：Vulkan API中的函数通过`vkGetInstanceProcAddr`和`vkGetDeviceProcAddr`获取，它们分别用于获取实例和设备级别的函数指针。这两个函数是Vulkan动态链接的关键，使得库的更新和扩展变得更加灵活。 5. **返回码**：Vulkan使用`VkResult`返回值报告操作的成功或失败。成功代码是非负的，例如`VK_SUCCESS`表示操作成功。失败代码则表示错误或异常情况，例如`VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`表示主机内存不足。 6. **错误处理**：错误信息通过`VkResult`传递，开发者需要检查这些返回值来确保API调用的正确性。这与某些API中抛出异常的方式不同，提供了更直接的控制和错误处理机制。 7. **版本和规范**：引用中的1.0表示Vulkan的版本，Khronos Group维护的官方规范位于`www.khronos.org/vulkan`，这里是获取最新API标准和文档的地方。 8. **命名约定**：在API中，函数名和结构名采用特定的彩色编码，如[n.n.n]表示规范中的章节，P.#表示参考指南的页面。`=0`通常表示保留供未来使用。 Vulkan的使用需要深入理解GPU的工作原理、内存管理、同步机制和资源生命周期管理。尽管其学习曲线较陡峭，但带来的性能提升和对硬件的直接访问能力使其成为专业游戏开发和高性能计算的首选API之一。

Vulkan 1.0 Quick ReferencePage 3

Render Pass (connued)

typedef struct VkAachmentDescripon {

VkAachmentDescriponFlags ags;

VkFormat format;

P.11

VkSampleCountFlagBits samples;

P.12

VkAachmentLoadOp loadOp;

VkAachmentStoreOp storeOp;

VkAachmentLoadOp stencilLoadOp;

VkAachmentStoreOp stencilStoreOp;

VkImageLayout inialLayout;

P.11

VkImageLayout nalLayout;

P.11

} VkAachmentDescripon;

loadOp, stencilLoadOp: VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_X

where X is LOAD, CLEAR, DONT_CARE

storeOp, stencilStoreOp: VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_X

where X is STORE, DONT_CARE

ags: VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT

typedef struct VkSubpassDescripon {

VkSubpassDescriponFlags ags;

= 0

VkPipelineBindPoint pipelineBindPoint;

uint32_t inputAachmentCount;

const VkAachmentReference* pInputAachments;

uint32_t colorAachmentCount;

const VkAachmentReference* pColorAachments;

const VkAachmentReference*

pResolveAachments;

const VkAachmentReference*

pDepthStencilAachment;

uint32_t preserveAachmentCount;

const uint32_t* pPreserveAachments;

} VkSubpassDescripon;

pipelineBindPoint: VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS

typedef struct VkAachmentReference {

uint32_t aachment;

VkImageLayout layout;

P.11

} VkAachmentReference;

typedef struct VkSubpassDependency {

uint32_t srcSubpass;

uint32_t dstSubpass;

VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask;

P.10

VkPipelineStageFlags dstStageMask;

P.10

VkAccessFlags srcAccessMask;

P.10

VkAccessFlags dstAccessMask;

P.10

VkDependencyFlags dependencyFlags;

} VkSubpassDependency;

void vkDestroyRenderPass(

VkDevice device,

VkRenderPass renderPass,

const VkAllocaonCallbacks* pAllocator);

P.10

Framebuers [7.3]

VkResult vkCreateFramebuer(

VkDevice device,

const VkFramebuerCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

const VkAllocaonCallbacks* pAllocator,

P.10

VkFramebuer* pFramebuer);

typedef struct VkFramebuerCreateInfo {

VkStructureType sType;

const void* pNext;

VkFramebuerCreateFlags ags;

= 0

VkRenderPass renderPass;

uint32_t aachmentCount;

const VkImageView* pAachments;

uint32_t width;

uint32_t height;

uint32_t layers;

} VkFramebuerCreateInfo;

void vkDestroyFramebuer(

VkDevice device,

VkFramebuer framebuer,

const VkAllocaonCallbacks* pAllocator);

P.10

Render Pass Commands [7.4]

void vkCmdBeginRenderPass(

VkCommandBuer commandBuer,

const VkRenderPassBeginInfo* pRenderPassBegin,

VkSubpassContents contents);

contents: VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_X where X is INLINE,

SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS

typedef struct VkRenderPassBeginInfo {

VkStructureType sType;

const void* pNext;

VkRenderPass renderPass;

VkFramebuer framebuer;

VkRect2D renderArea;

P.12

uint32_t clearValueCount;

const VkClearValue* pClearValues;

P.10

} VkRenderPassBeginInfo;

void vkGetRenderAreaGranularity(

VkDevice device,

VkRenderPass renderPass,

VkExtent2D* pGranularity);

P.10

void vkCmdNextSubpass(

VkCommandBuer commandBuer,

VkSubpassContents contents);

contents: VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_X where X is

INLINE, SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS

void vkCmdEndRenderPass(

VkCommandBuer commandBuer);

Pipelines [9]

Processing pipelines are either compute or graphics pipelines.

Compute Pipelines [9.1]

Compute pipelines consist of a single stac compute shader

stage and the pipeline layout.

VkResult vkCreateComputePipelines(

VkDevice device,

VkPipelineCache pipelineCache,

uint32_t createInfoCount,

const VkComputePipelineCreateInfo* pCreateInfos,

const VkAllocaonCallbacks* pAllocator,

P.10

VkPipeline* pPipelines);

typedef struct VkComputePipelineCreateInfo {

VkStructureType sType;

const void* pNext;

VkPipelineCreateFlags ags;

VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo stage;

P.12

VkPipelineLayout layout;

VkPipeline basePipelineHandle;

int32_t basePipelineIndex;

} VkComputePipelineCreateInfo;

ags: Combinaon of VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_X_BIT

where X is DISABLE_OPTIMIZATION,

ALLOW_DERIVATIVES, DERIVATIVE

Graphics Pipelines [9.2]

VkResult vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(

VkDevice device,

VkPipelineCache pipelineCache,

uint32_t createInfoCount,

const VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo* pCreateInfos,

const VkAllocaonCallbacks* pAllocator,

P.10

VkPipeline* pPipelines);

In VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo below, replace X with

VkPipeline and replace Y with StateCreateInfo.

typedef struct VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo {

VkStructureType sType;

const void* pNext;

VkPipelineCreateFlags ags;

uint32_t stageCount;

const VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo* pStages;

P.12

const XVertexInputY* pVertexInputState;

const XInputAssemblyY* pInputAssemblyState;

const XTessellaonY* pTessellaonState;

const XViewportY* pViewportState;

const XRasterizaonY* pRasterizaonState;

const XMulsampleY* pMulsampleState;

const XDepthStencilY* pDepthStencilState;

const XColorBlendY* pColorBlendState;

const XDynamicY* pDynamicState;

VkPipelineLayout layout;

VkRenderPass renderPass;

uint32_t subpass;

VkPipeline basePipelineHandle;

int32_t basePipelineIndex;

} VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo;

ags: VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_Z_BIT where Z is

DISABLE_OPTIMIZATION, ALLOW_DERIVATIVES,

DERIVATIVE

typedef struct VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo {

VkStructureType sType;

const void* pNext;

VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateFlags ags;

= 0

uint32_t vertexBindingDescriponCount;

const VkVertexInputBindingDescripon*

pVertexBindingDescripons;

uint32_t vertexAributeDescriponCount;

const VkVertexInputAributeDescripon*

pVertexAributeDescripons;

} VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo;

typedef struct VkVertexInputBindingDescripon {

uint32_t binding;

uint32_t stride;

VkVertexInputRate inputRate;

} VkVertexInputBindingDescripon;

inputRate:

VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_{VERTEX, INSTANCE}

typedef struct VkVertexInputAributeDescripon {

uint32_t locaon;

uint32_t binding;

VkFormat format;

P.11

uint32_t oset;

} VkVertexInputAributeDescripon;

typedef struct VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo {

VkStructureType sType;

const void* pNext;

VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateFlags ags;

= 0

VkPrimiveTopology topology;

VkBool32 primiveRestartEnable;

} VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo;

topology

: VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_X where X is

POINT_LIST, LINE_LIST, LINE_STRIP, TRIANGLE_LIST,

TRIANGLE_STRIP, TRIANGLE_FAN,

LINE_{LIST, STRIP}_WITH_ADJACENCY,

TRIANGLE_{LIST, STRIP}_WITH_ADJACENCY, PATCH_LIST

Connued on next page >

Shaders [8]

Shader Modules [8.1]

VkResult vkCreateShaderModule(

VkDevice device,

const VkShaderModuleCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,

const VkAllocaonCallbacks* pAllocator,

P.10

VkShaderModule* pShaderModule);

typedef struct VkShaderModuleCreateInfo {

VkStructureType sType;

const void* pNext;

VkShaderModuleCreateFlags ags;

= 0

size_t codeSize;

const uint32_t* pCode;

} VkShaderModuleCreateInfo;

void vkDestroyShaderModule(

VkDevice device,

VkShaderModule shaderModule,

const VkAllocaonCallbacks* pAllocator);

P.10

Built-in Variables [14.6]

The built-in variables listed below are accessed in shaders by

declaring the variable using a BuiltIn decoraon.

Decoraon Type

ClipDistance Array of 32-bit oat values

CullDistance Array of 32-bit oat values

FragCoord Four-component vector of 32-bit oat

values

FragDepth Scalar 32-bit oat value

FrontFacing Scalar 32-bit integer

GlobalInvocaonID Three-component vector of 32-bit ints

HelperInvocaon Scalar 32-bit integer

InvocaonID Scalar 32-bit integer

InstanceIndex Scalar 32-bit integer

Layer Scalar 32-bit integer

LocalInvocaonID Three-component vector of 32-bit ints

NumWorkGroups Three-component vector of 32-bit ints

PatchVerces Scalar 32-bit integer

PointCoord Two-component vector of 32-bit oat

values

PointSize Scalar 32-bit oat value

Posion Four-component vector of 32-bit oat

values

PrimiveID Scalar 32-bit integer

SampleID Scalar 32-bit integer

SampleMask Array of 32-bit integers

SamplePosion Two-component vector of oat values

TessellaonCoord Three-component vector of 32-bit oat

values

TessellaonLevelOuter Array of size two, containing 32-bit oat

values

TessellaonLevelInner Array of size four, containing 32-bit oat

values

VertexIndex 32-bit integer

ViewportIndex 32-bit integer

WorkgroupID Three-component vector of 32-bit ints

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