天秤称球挑战:12个球找出1个异常球的最少次数

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资源摘要信息:"天秤称球----12个球中1个异常" 在解决12个球中找出唯一一个异常球的问题时,我们通常会使用逻辑推理和数学分析的方法。天秤是这个问题的关键工具,我们需要通过有策略地称量球来确定哪个球是异常的。异常球可能比其他球重或者轻,而我们的目标是在最少的称量次数内找出这个球。 在数学上,这个问题可以被描述为一个分治策略问题。基本思路是将球分成几组,通过比较这些组的重量来排除正常球,缩小搜索范围。为了最小化所需的称量次数,通常采用二分法或者三分法等策略。 具体来说,我们可以采取如下步骤来减少称量次数: 1. 首先将12个球分为三组,每组4个球。 2. 用天秤称量其中两组。 3. 如果天秤平衡,说明异常球在未称量的那一组4个球中;如果不平衡,则异常球在较重或较轻的那一组4个球中。 4. 接下来,取出已知可能包含异常球的那组4个球,再分为两组,每组2个球。 5. 再次称量这两组球中的任意两组。 6. 同样地,如果天秤平衡,则异常球在未称量的那一组2个球中;如果天秤不平衡,则异常球在较重或较轻的那一组中。 7. 最后,将剩下的2个球进行称量,或比较重量,就可以确定哪一个球是异常的。 根据上述步骤,我们仅需最多3次称量就可以确定哪一个球是异常的。如果采用三等分的策略,可以进一步减少称量次数,但在天秤称球问题中,分三组进行比较是最优解。 这个过程不仅是一个经典的逻辑思维问题,而且在计算机科学中,这个问题也常被用来解释算法设计中的分治策略和二分搜索算法,以及在数据结构如二叉搜索树中查找元素的过程。 在编写程序如ball.c时,可以采用结构化编程的方法,通过递归或者迭代的方式来模拟上述分组和称量的逻辑过程。程序的主要部分可能包括将球进行分组的逻辑,记录每次称量结果的逻辑,以及根据结果进一步缩小搜索范围并最终找到异常球的逻辑。 要将该问题转化为程序代码,需要定义球的表示方法,天秤的模拟,以及逻辑判断的实现。这可能涉及到数组的使用、条件语句、循环结构,以及递归函数的设计。代码需要足够清晰和高效,以便在实际运行时能够快速输出结果,找出异常球。 总结来说,天秤称球问题是一个经典的逻辑推理和优化问题,通过分治策略和最少的称量次数可以快速有效地解决。在编程实现上,需要准确模拟这个过程,并高效地利用计算机程序来辅助找到最优解。

Before Playstation, there was Pong, at one time the ultimate in video game entertainment. For those of you not familiar with this game please refer to the Wikipedia entry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong) and the many fine websites extolling the game and its virtues. Pong is not so very different in structure from the Billiard ball simulation that you developed earlier in the course. They both involve a ball moving and colliding with obstacles. The difference in this case is that two of the obstacles are under user control. The goal of this project is to develop your own version of Pong in MATLAB using the keyboard as input, for example, one player could move the left paddle up and down using the q and a keys while the right paddle is controlled with the p and l keys. You may check the code for the Lunarlander game which demonstrates some of the techniques you can use to capture user input. You will also probably find the plot, set, line and text commands useful in your program. You have used most of these before in the billiard simulation and you can use Matlabs online help to get more details on the many options these functions offer. Your program should allow you to play a game to 11 keeping track of score appropriately. The general structure of the code is outlined below in pseudo code While not done Update Ball State (position and velocity) taking into account collisions with walls and paddles Check for scoring and handle appropriately Update Display Note that in this case it is implicitly assumed that capturing the user input and moving the paddles is being handled with callback functions which removes that functionality from the main loop. For extra credit you could consider adding extra features like spin or gravity to the ball flight or providing a single player mode where the computer controls one of the paddles.

2023-05-30 上传