C++入门经典：精通面向对象编程指南

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"《思考C++：卷1，第2版》（Thinking in C++, Volume 1, 2nd Edition）是由Bruce Eckel编著的一本面向初学者和进阶程序员的权威指南。这本书于2000年1月完成，旨在帮助读者深入理解和掌握C++这门强大的面向对象编程语言。作者以其清晰的阐述和实用的教学方法，引领读者从基础概念入手，逐步掌握C++的关键特性。本书的特点在于其对C++面向对象编程的深入剖析，特别是对iostreams（输入输出流）章节的详尽讲解，被赞誉为对该主题最全面且易于理解的处理。它不仅教授了如何重新思考程序构造以适应面向对象的设计思想，还提供了丰富的实例和教程，让读者能够将理论知识转化为实践能力。作为1996年《软件开发杂志》Jolt奖年度最佳图书的获奖作品，它在业界获得了极高的评价。评论家Al Stevens认为，这本书是每个C++程序员书架上的必备之作，它的价值不仅在于传授知识，更在于如何帮助读者重构思维，以适应现代软件开发的需求。此外，本书的网站PlanetPDF（http://www.planetpdf.com/）提供了丰富的PDF资源，包括软件、白皮书、专家访谈、产品评测、代码示例、论坛和定期文章，为读者提供了全方位的学习支持和互动交流平台。《思考C++：卷1，第2版》是一本既适合新手入门学习C++，又适合有一定经验的开发者提升技能的宝典，对于想要在C++编程领域深入发展的读者来说，是不可多得的参考资料和实践指导书。"

Modifying the

outside object...................149

Introduction to

C++ references ................151

Pointers and references

as modifiers .....................153

Scoping................155

Defining variables

on the fly.........................156

Specifying storage

allocation..............159

Global variables................159

Local variables..................161

static...............................161

extern .............................163

Constants ........................165

volatile ............................167

Operators and

their use...............168

Assignment......................168

Mathematical operators .....169

Relational operators ..........171

Logical operators ..............171

Bitwise operators..............172

Shift operators .................173

Unary operators................176

The ternary operator .........177

The comma operator .........178

Common pitfalls

when using operators........179

Casting operators..............179

C++ explicit casts.............181

sizeof – an operator

by itself ...........................186

The asm keyword..............187

Explicit operators..............187

Composite type

creation................188

Aliasing names

with typedef.....................188

Combining variables

with struct .......................189

Clarifying programs

with enum........................192

Saving memory

with union........................195

Arrays .............................196

Debugging hints ....208

Debugging flags................208

Turning variables and

expressions into strings .....211

The C assert( ) macro........212

Function

addresses.............213

Defining a

function pointer................ 213

Complicated declarations

& definitions..................... 214

Using a function pointer ....215

Arrays of pointers

to functions .....................216

Make: managing

separate

compilation...........217

Make activities ................. 219

Makefiles in this book........ 222

An example makefile......... 223

Summary .............226

Exercises..............226

4: Data Abstraction 233

A tiny C-like

library..................235

Dynamic

storage allocation ............. 239

Bad guesses .................... 244

What's wrong? ......246

The basic object....247

What's an object?..255

Abstract

data typing...........256

Object details........257

Header file

etiquette ..............259

Importance of

header files...................... 260

The multiple-declaration

problem ..........................262

The preprocessor directives

#define, #ifdef,

and #endif....................... 263

A standard for header files. 264

Namespaces in headers..... 265

Using headers in projects ..266

Nested structures..266

Global scope resolution ..... 271

Summary .............271

Returning by const value ...366

Passing and returning

addresses ........................369

Classes.................373

const in classes ................374

Compile-time constants

in classes.........................377

const objects &

member functions.............380

volatile.................386

Summary .............388

Exercises..............388

9: Inline Functions 393

Preprocessor

pitfalls..................394

Macros and access ............398

Inline functions .....399

Inlines inside classes.........400

Access functions ...............401

Stash & Stack

with inlines ...........408

Inlines &

the compiler..........412

Limitations.......................413

Forward references ...........414

Hidden activities in

constructors &

destructors.......................415

Reducing clutter ....417

More preprocessor

features................418

Token pasting...................419

Improved error

checking...............420

Summary .............423

Exercises..............424

10: Name Control 427

Static elements

from C..................428

static variables

inside functions ................428

Controlling linkage ............434

Other storage

class specifiers................. 436

Namespaces .........437

Creating a namespace....... 437

Using a namespace........... 440

The use of namespaces ..... 445

Static members

in C++.................446

Defining storage for

static data members ......... 446

Nested and local classes.... 451

static member functions.... 452

Static initialization

dependency..........455

What to do ......................457

Alternate linkage

specifications ........465

Summary .............466

Exercises..............467

11: References & the

Copy-Constructor 473

Pointers in C++.....474

References

in C++.................475

References in functions ..... 476

Argument-passing

guidelines........................ 479

The copy-

constructor...........479

Passing & returning

by value.......................... 480

Copy-construction............. 487

Default copy-constructor ... 493

Alternatives to copy-

construction..................... 496

Pointers

to members..........498

Functions......................... 501

Summary .............504

Exercises..............505

12: Operator

Overloading 511

Warning &

reassurance ..........512

Syntax .................513

Overloadable

operators..............515

Unary operators................515

Binary operators...............520

Arguments &

return values....................531

Unusual operators.............535

Operators you

can’t overload...................544

Non-member

operators..............545

Basic guidelines................547

Overloading

assignment...........548

Behavior of operator= .......549

Automatic type

conversion............561

Constructor conversion......561

Operator conversion..........563

Type conversion example...566

Pitfalls in automatic

type conversion ................567

Summary .............570

Exercises..............570

13: Dynamic

Object Creation 575

Object creation......577

C’s approach to the heap ...578

operator new....................580

operator delete.................581

A simple example..............581

Memory manager

overhead .........................582

Early examples

redesigned............583

delete void* is

probably a bug .................584

Cleanup responsibility

with pointers....................585

Stash for pointers............. 586

new & delete

for arrays .............592

Making a pointer

more like an array ............ 593

Running out

of storage.............594

Overloading

new & delete.........595

Overloading global

new & delete.................... 597

Overloading

new & delete for a class .... 599

Overloading

new & delete for arrays..... 603

Constructor calls............... 605

placement new & delete .... 607

Summary .............609

Exercises..............610

14: Inheritance &

Composition 613

Composition

syntax..................614

Inheritance

syntax..................616

The constructor

initializer list .........618

Member object

initialization ..................... 619

Built-in types in the

initializer list .................... 620

Combining composition

& inheritance ........621

Order of constructor &

destructor calls................. 623

Name hiding .........625

Functions that

don’t automatically

inherit..................630

Inheritance and static

member functions............. 635

Choosing composition

vs. inheritance ......635

Subtyping ........................637

private inheritance............640

protected..............641

protected inheritance.........643

Operator overloading

& inheritance.........643

Multiple

inheritance............645

Incremental

development.........645

Upcasting .............647

Why “upcasting?”..............648

Upcasting and the

copy-constructor...............649

Composition vs.

inheritance (revisited) .......652

Pointer & reference

upcasting.........................653

A crisis ............................654

Summary .............654

Exercises..............655

15: Polymorphism &

Virtual Functions 659

Evolution of C++

programmers ........660

Upcasting .............662

The problem .........663

Function call binding..........663

virtual functions ....664

Extensibility .....................666

How C++ implements

late binding...........669

Storing type information....670

Picturing virtual functions...672

Under the hood.................674

Installing the vpointer .......676

Objects are different .........676

Why virtual

functions?.............677

Abstract base classes

and pure virtual

functions ..............679

Pure virtual definitions ...... 684

Inheritance and

the VTABLE...........685

Object slicing ................... 688

Overloading &

overriding.............691

Variant return type ........... 693

virtual functions &

constructors..........695

Order of constructor calls .. 696

Behavior of virtual functions

inside constructors............ 697

Destructors and

virtual destructors .699

Pure virtual destructors..... 701

Virtuals in destructors ....... 704

Creating an

object-based hierarchy...... 705

Operator

overloading...........709

Downcasting.........712

Summary .............716

Exercises..............717

16: Introduction to

Templates 723

Containers............724

The need for containers..... 726

Overview

of templates .........727

The template solution........ 730

Template syntax....732

Non-inline

function definitions ........... 734

IntStack as a template...... 735

Constants in templates...... 738

Stack and Stash

as templates.........739

Templatized pointer Stash . 742

Turning ownership

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C++入门经典：精通面向对象编程指南

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