浅析密码学与网络安全：入门教材推荐

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"Cryptography and Network Security - 推荐的密码学入门教材，旨在提升中国密码学研究水平。" 本文将详细探讨《Cryptography and Network Security》这本书所涵盖的知识点，以及与之相关的计算机通信、计算机组织架构和操作系统原理的基础概念。在密码学领域，该书被认为是一本适合初学者的教材，它深入浅出地介绍了密码学的基础理论和应用。密码学是信息安全的核心，主要研究如何在不安全的环境中实现数据的安全传输、存储和验证。其关键知识点包括： 1. 对称加密：如DES（Data Encryption Standard）、AES（Advanced Encryption Standard）等，它们基于相同的密钥进行加密和解密，适用于大量数据的快速处理。 2. 非对称加密：如RSA、ECC（椭圆曲线加密），使用一对公钥和私钥，公钥用于加密，私钥用于解密，解决了密钥分发的问题。 3. 哈希函数：如MD5、SHA-1、SHA-256等，用于生成消息的固定长度摘要，常用于数据完整性校验和数字签名。 4. 数字签名：结合非对称加密和哈希函数，提供数据源认证和不可否认性。 5. 密钥管理：包括密钥生成、分发、更新和撤销，是密码系统中至关重要的一部分。 6. 公钥基础设施（PKI）：包括证书颁发机构（CA）、证书注册机构（RA）等，为网络中的实体提供身份验证服务。此外，书中的网络安全性部分可能涉及TCP/IP协议栈，包括： 1. IP协议：负责数据包在网络层的路由。 2. TCP（传输控制协议）：提供面向连接、可靠的传输服务，确保数据的顺序和无损传输。 3. UDP（用户数据报协议）：无连接，适合实时应用但不保证数据传输的可靠性。 4. HTTP（超文本传输协议）：用于Web通信，基于TCP。 5. MIME：多用途互联网邮件扩展，用于定义电子邮件和Web内容的格式。 6. IPv6：下一代IP协议，提供更大的地址空间和改进的路由。同时，书中的内容可能会延伸到计算机组织架构和操作系统原理： 1. 计算机组织：包括CPU结构、指令集、控制单元、内存系统和输入/输出（I/O）接口等。 2. RISC（精简指令集计算）：简化指令以提高性能和效率。 3. Superscalar：通过执行多条指令并行来提高CPU速度。 4. 并行组织：如多核处理器和分布式系统，利用多处理器协同工作以增强计算能力。 5. 操作系统：包括进程管理、内存管理、文件系统、设备管理和调度策略等核心功能，是协调硬件和软件资源的软件平台。通过学习这些知识点，读者可以建立起扎实的密码学基础，并理解网络通信和计算机系统运行的基本原理，从而更好地推动中国密码学的研究和发展。

NOTATION

Symbol Expression Meaning

D, K D1K, Y2

Symmetric decryption of ciphertext using secret key KY

D, PR

D1PR

, Y2 Asymmetric decryption of ciphertext using A’s private key PR

D, PU

D1PU

, Y2 Asymmetric decryption of ciphertext using A’s public key PU

E, K E1K, X2

Symmetric encryption of plaintext using secret key KX

E, PR

E( , )XPR

Asymmetric encryption of plaintext using A’s private key PR

E, PU

E( , )XPU

Asymmetric encryption of plaintext using A’s public key PU

Secret key

Private key of user A

Public key of user A

MAC,

MAC(K, X)

Message authentication code of message using secret key

GF(p)

The finite field of order , where is prime. The field is defined as

the set together with the arithmetic operations modulo .pZ

GF(2

)

The finite field of order 2

Set of nonnegative integers less than n

gcd

gcd( )i, j

Greatest common divisor; the largest positive integer that divides

both and with no remainder on division.ji

mod mod ma Remainder after division of by ma

mod, K

(mod )ma K b mod mod mm = ba

mod, [

(mod )ma [ b mod mod mm Z ba

dlog

a, p

(b) Discrete logarithm of the number for the base (mod )pab

f(n)

The number of positive integers less than and relatively prime to .

This is Euler’s totient function.

i = 1

+ a

i = 1

* a

Even the natives have difficulty mastering this peculiar vocabulary.

—The Golden Bough, Sir James George Frazer

xiii

PREFACE

“The tie, if I might suggest it, sir, a shade more tightly knotted. One aims at the

perfect butterfly effect. If you will permit me —”

“What does it matter, Jeeves, at a time like this? Do you realize that

Mr. Little’s domestic happiness is hanging in the scale?”

“There is no time, sir, at which ties do not matter.”

—Very Good, Jeeves! P. G.Wodehouse

In this age of universal electronic connectivity, of viruses and hackers, of electronic eaves-

dropping and electronic fraud, there is indeed no time at which security does not matter.Two

trends have come together to make the topic of this book of vital interest. First, the explosive

growth in computer systems and their interconnections via networks has increased the

dependence of both organizations and individuals on the information stored and communi-

cated using these systems. This, in turn, has led to a heightened awareness of the need to

protect data and resources from disclosure, to guarantee the authenticity of data and

messages, and to protect systems from network-based attacks. Second, the disciplines of

cryptography and network security have matured, leading to the development of practical,

readily available applications to enforce network security.

OBJECTIVES

It is the purpose of this book to provide a practical survey of both the principles and practice

of cryptography and network security. In the first part of the book, the basic issues to be

addressed by a network security capability are explored by providing a tutorial and survey of

cryptography and network security technology. The latter part of the book deals with the

practice of network security: practical applications that have been implemented and are in

use to provide network security.

The subject, and therefore this book, draws on a variety of disciplines. In particular, it is

impossible to appreciate the significance of some of the techniques discussed in this book

without a basic understanding of number theory and some results from probability theory.

Nevertheless, an attempt has been made to make the book self-contained.The book presents

not only the basic mathematical results that are needed but provides the reader with an

intuitive understanding of those results. Such background material is introduced as needed.

This approach helps to motivate the material that is introduced, and the author considers

this preferable to simply presenting all of the mathematical material in a lump at the begin-

ning of the book.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

The book is intended for both academic and a professional audiences. As a textbook, it is

intended as a one-semester undergraduate course in cryptography and network security for

computer science, computer engineering, and electrical engineering majors. It covers the

xvi PREFACE

material in IAS2 Security Mechanisms, a core area in the Information Technology body of

knowledge; NET4 Security, another core area in the Information Technology body of knowl-

edge; and IT311, Cryptography, an advanced course; these subject areas are part of the

ACM/IEEE Computer Society Computing Curricula 2005.

The book also serves as a basic reference volume and is suitable for self-study.

PLAN OF THE BOOK

The book is divided into seven parts (see Chapter 0 for an overview):

• Symmetric Ciphers

• Asymmetric Ciphers

• Cryptographic Data Integrity Algorithms

• Mutual Trust

• Network and Internet Security

• System Security

• Legal and Ethical Issues

The book includes a number of pedagogic features, including the use of the computer

algebra system Sage and numerous figures and tables to clarify the discussions. Each chapter

includes a list of key words, review questions, homework problems, suggestions for further

reading, and recommended Web sites. The book also includes an extensive glossary, a list

of frequently used acronyms, and a bibliography. In addition, a test bank is available to

instructors.

ONLINE DOCUMENTS FOR STUDENTS

For this new edition, a tremendous amount of original supporting material has been made

available online, in the following categories.

• Online chapters: To limit the size and cost of the book, four chapters of the book

are provided in PDF format. This includes three chapters on computer security and

one on legal and ethical issues. The chapters are listed in this book’s table of

contents.

• Online appendices: There are numerous interesting topics that support material

found in the text but whose inclusion is not warranted in the printed text. A total of

fifteen online appendices cover these topics for the interested student. The appen-

dices are listed in this book’s table of contents.

• Homework problems and solutions: To aid the student in understanding the material,

a separate set of homework problems with solutions are available. These enable the

students to test their understanding of the text.

• Key papers: Twenty-four papers from the professional literature, many hard to find,

are provided for further reading.

• Supporting documents: A variety of other useful documents are referenced in the text

and provided online.

• Sage code: The Sage code from the examples in Appendix B in case the student wants

to play around with the examples.

PREFACE xvii

Purchasing this textbook now grants the reader six months of access to this online

material. See the access card bound into the front of this book for details.

INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORT MATERIALS

To support instructors, the following materials are provided:

• Solutions Manual: Solutions to end-of-chapter Review Questions and Problems.

• Projects Manual: Suggested project assignments for all of the project categories listed

below.

• PowerPoint Slides: A set of slides covering all chapters, suitable for use in lecturing.

• PDF Files: Reproductions of all figures and tables from the book.

• Test Bank: A chapter-by-chapter set of questions.

All of these support materials are available at the Instructor Resource Center

(IRC) for this textbook, which can be reached via personhighered.com/stallings or by

clicking on the button labeled “Book Info and More Instructor Resources” at this book’s

Web Site WilliamStallings.com/Crypto/Crypto5e.html. To gain access to the IRC,

please contact your local Prentice Hall sales representative via pearsonhighered.com/

educator/replocator/requestSalesRep.page or call Prentice Hall Faculty Services at

1-800-526-0485.

INTERNET SERVICES FOR INSTRUCTORS AND STUDENTS

There is a Web site for this book that provides support for students and instructors. The site

includes links to other relevant sites, transparency masters of figures and tables in the book

in PDF (Adobe Acrobat) format, and PowerPoint slides. The Web page is at

WilliamStallings.com/Crypto/Crypto5e.html. For more information, see Chapter 0.

New to this edition is a set of homework problems with solutions available at this Web

site. Students can enhance their understanding of the material by working out the solutions

to these problems and then checking their answers.

An Internet mailing list has been set up so that instructors using this book can

exchange information, suggestions, and questions with each other and with the author. As

soon as typos or other errors are discovered, an errata list for this book will be available at

WilliamStallings.com. In addition, the Computer Science Student Resource site at

WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html provides documents, information, and useful

links for computer science students and professionals.

PROJECTS AND OTHER STUDENT EXERCISES

For many instructors, an important component of a cryptography or security course is a pro-

ject or set of projects by which the student gets hands-on experience to reinforce concepts

from the text. This book provides an unparalleled degree of support, including a projects

component in the course. The IRC not only includes guidance on how to assign and structure

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给我推荐一些现代密码学的课程资源

学习网络安全要从哪些东西开始学，可以看哪些书

encryption-algorithm aes-256

com.sun.deploy.net需要的依赖

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