TI DRV10983-Q1：汽车三相无传感器BLDC电机驱动器

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"TI-DRV10983-Q1.pdf" TI-DRV10983-Q1是一款专为汽车应用设计的三相无传感器BLDC（无刷直流）电机驱动器，它满足了严格的AEC-Q100标准，确保在恶劣的汽车环境中具有高可靠性和稳定性。这款芯片的主要特性包括： 1. **汽车级认证**：该器件已通过AEC-Q100一级认证，可在-40°C至125°C的环境温度范围内稳定工作，适合汽车行业的苛刻需求。 2. **静电放电（ESD）防护**：设备具有HBM ESD等级1C和CDM ESD等级C4A，提供了良好的静电防护能力，降低了在处理和安装过程中损坏的风险。 3. **操作电压范围广泛**：电机运行电压范围为6.2V到28V，而寄存器设置则在4.5V到45V之间保持有效，这使得DRV10983-Q1能在各种电源条件下正常工作。 4. **支持负载 dump**：在车辆电气系统出现瞬态过压事件时，如负载dump，此驱动器能提供保护，确保系统的稳定性和安全性。 5. **接口功能**：芯片与微控制器的接口包括SCL和SDA，表明支持I2C通信协议，用于配置和控制驱动器的工作模式。此外，还有DIR（方向）和SPEED（速度）引脚，用于控制电机的旋转方向和速度。 6. **电源和接地**：VCP、CPP、CPN是电机电源引脚，SW为开关节点，SWGND是开关节点接地，VREG用于内部电压调节，V1P8、V3P3可能是辅助电源，而GND为接地参考。 7. **滤波电路**：电路图中包含0.1μF、10nF、47μH、10μF、1μF和多个10μF电容，这些组件用于稳定电源，抑制噪声，并确保系统稳定运行。 8. **FG（反馈）引脚**：用于获取电机状态的反馈信号，可以实现无传感器控制。 9. **VCC和PGND**：VCC可能为数字逻辑部分供电，而PGND可能为数字部分的接地。 10. **安全考虑**：在安全关键应用中使用该器件时，需遵循特定的指导原则，因为数据表末尾的重要通知提到了这方面的问题。 TI-DRV10983-Q1的数据手册（DRV10983-Q1 SLVSD14A – JUNE 2017 – REVISED JUNE 2020）提供了详细的技术规格、应用电路、封装信息以及安全和合规性声明。用户可以通过TI官网的产品目录、订购样片、查阅技术文档、获取软件工具支持以及参与社区讨论等途径获取更多信息。

DRV10983-Q1

www.ti.com

SLVSD14A –JUNE 2017–REVISED JUNE 2020

Product Folder Links: DRV10983-Q1

8 Detailed Description

8.1 Overview

The DRV10983-Q1 device is a three-phase sensorless motor driver with integrated power MOSFETs that

provides drive-current capability up to 2 A continuously. The device is specifically designed for low-noise, low-

external-component-count motor-drive applications. The device is configurable through a simple I

C interface to

accommodate different motor parameters and spin-up profiles for different customer applications.

A 180° sensorless control scheme provides continuous sinusoidal output voltages to the motor phases to enable

ultra-quiet motor operation by keeping the electrically induced torque ripple small.

The DRV10983-Q1 device features extensive protection and fault-detection mechanisms to ensure reliable

operation. Voltage surge protection prevents the input V

capacitor from overcharging, which is typical during

motor deceleration. The device provides overcurrent protection without the need for an external current-sense

resistor. Rotor-lock detection is available through several methods. These methods can be configured with

(UVLO) and for thermal shutdown.

The commutation control algorithm continuously measures the motor phase current and periodically measures

the V

supply voltage. The device uses this information for BEMF estimation, and the information is also

provided through the I

C register interface for debug and diagnostic use in the system, if desired.

A buck step-down regulator efficiently steps down the supply voltage. The output of this regulator provides power

for the internal circuits and can also be used to provide power for an external circuit such as a microcontroller. If

providing power for an external circuit is not necessary (and to reduce system cost), configure the buck step-

down regulator as a linear regulator by replacing the inductor with a resistor.

The DRV10983-Q1 device has a flexible interface, capable of supporting both analog and digital inputs. In

addition to the I

C interface, the device has FG, DIR, and SPEED pins. SPEED is the speed command input pin.

DIR is the direction control input pin. FG is the speed indicator output, which shows the frequency of the motor

commutation.

EEPROM is integrated in the DRV10983-Q1 device as memory for the motor parameter and operation settings.

EEPROM data transfers to the registers after power-on and exit from sleep mode.

The DRV10983-Q1 device can also operate in register mode. If the system includes a microcontroller

communicating through the I

C interface, the device can dynamically update the motor parameters and operation

settings by writing to the registers. In this configuration, the EEPROM data is bypassed by the register settings.

Load

39 Ω

VREG

SWGND

5 V

47 µH

10 µF

VREG

SWGND

5 V

10 µF

DRV10983-Q1

www.ti.com

SLVSD14A –JUNE 2017–REVISED JUNE 2020

Product Folder Links: DRV10983-Q1

Feature Description (continued)

Buck Regulator with External Inductor Buck Regulator with External Resistor

Figure 7. Step-Down Regulator Configurations

8.3.1.2 3.3-V and 1.8-V LDO

The DRV10983-Q1 device includes a 3.3-V LDO and a 1.8-V LDO. The 3.3-V LDO is powered by Vreg and 1.8-

V LDO is powered by 3.3-V LDO. The 1.8-V LDO is for internal circuits only. The 3.3-V LDO is mainly for internal

circuits, but can also drive external loads not to exceed I

V3P3_MAX

. For example, it can work as a pullup voltage

for the FG, DIR, SDA, and SCL interface.

Both the V1P8 and V3P3 capacitors must be connected to GND.

8.3.2 Protection Circuits

8.3.2.1 Thermal Shutdown

The DRV10983-Q1 device has a built-in thermal shutdown function, which shuts down the device when the

junction temperature is more than T

SDN

˚C and recovers operating conditions when the junction temperature falls

to T

SDN

– T

SDN_HYS

˚C.

The OverTemp status bit (address 0x00, bit 15) is set during thermal shutdown. In addition to the thermal

shutdown function there is a warning bit that is set whenever the device exceeds T

WARN

and is indicated by the

TempWarning bit of the FaultReg register (address 0x00, bit 14).

8.3.2.2 Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)

The DRV10983-Q1 device has a built-in UVLO function block. The device is locked out when V

is below

UVLO_F

and is unlocked when V

is above V

UVLO_R

. The hysteresis of the UVLO threshold is V

UVLO_HYS

. In

addition to the main supply, the step-down regulator, charge pump, and 3.3-V LDO all have undervoltage lockout

monitors.

8.3.2.3 Overcurrent Protection

The overcurrent protection function acts to protect the device if the current, as measured from the FETs, exceeds

the I

OC-limit

threshold. It protects the device in the event of a short-circuit condition on the motor phases. This

includes phase shorts to GND, phase shorts to phase, or phase shorts to V

. The DRV10983-Q1 device places

the output drivers into a high-impedance state until the lock time t

LOCK_OFF

has expired. The OverCurr status bit

of the FaultReg register (address 0x00, bit 11) is set.

The DRV10983-Q1 device also provides acceleration current-limit and lock-detection current-limit functions to

protect the device and motor (see Current Limit and Lock Detect and Fault Handling ).

Input Duty Cycle

1.5

Input Duty Cycle (%)

Output Duty

Cycle (%)

100

DutyCycleLimit[1:0], Reg0x95

00 - linear down to 5%, then holds at 5% until

duty command is 1.5 %; 0 % for duty command

below 1.5 %.

01 - linear down to 10%, then holds at 10% until

duty command is 1.5 %; 0 % for duty command

below 1.5 %.

DutyCycleLimit[1:0], Reg0x95

10 - linear down to 5%, then holds at 5% until

duty command is 1.5 %; 100 % for duty command

below 1.5 %.

11 - linear down to 10%, then holds at 10% until

duty command is 1.5 %; 100 % for duty command

below 1.5 %.

0 1.5

Input Duty Cycle (%)

Output Duty

Cycle (%)

DRV10983-Q1

SLVSD14A –JUNE 2017 –REVISED JUNE 2020

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: DRV10983-Q1

Feature Description (continued)

8.3.2.4 Lock

When the motor is blocked or stopped by an external force, lock protection is triggered, and the device stops

driving the motor immediately. After the lock release time t

LOCK_OFF

, the DRV10983-Q1 device resumes driving

the motor again. If the lock condition is still present, it enters the next lock protection cycle, and repeats until the

lock condition is removed. With this lock protection, the motor and device do not overheat or become damaged

due to the motor being locked (see Lock Detect and Fault Handling ).

During a lock condition the Status register indicates which of the locks has occurred.

8.3.3 Motor Speed Control

The DRV10983-Q1 device offers four methods for indirectly controlling the speed of the motor by adjusting the

output voltage amplitude. This can be accomplished by varying the supply voltage (V

) or by controlling the

speed command. The speed command can be controlled in one of three ways. The user can set the speed

command by adjusting either the PWM input (PWM in) or the analog input (Analog) or by writing the speed

command directly through the I

C serial port (I

C). The speed command is used to determine the PWM duty

cycle output (PWM_DCO) (see Figure 9 ).

The input PWM input (PWM in) can have a minimum duty cycle limit applied. DutyCycleLimit[1:0], accessible

through the I

C interface, allows the user to configure the minimum duty cycle behavior. This behavior is

illustrated in Figure 8.

Figure 8. Duty Cycle Profile

The speed command may not always be equal to the PWM_DCO because the DRV10983-Q1 device has the

AVS function (see Anti Voltage Suppression Function), the acceleration current-limit function (see Acceleration

Current Limit), and the closed-loop accelerate function (see Closed-Loop Accelerate) to optimize the control

performance. These functions can limit the PWM_DCO, which affects the output amplitude (see Figure 9).

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