Niklaus Wirth的编译器构造艺术：原则与实践

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"《编译器构造——尼古拉斯·维希特的艺术》(Compiler Construction - The Art of Niklaus Wirth, 2000)是一篇会议论文，由尼古拉斯·维希特（Niklaus Wirth）撰写，他在计算机语言设计领域享有盛誉，并且是编译器构建技术的先驱。该论文发表在DBLP上，自2000年1月发布以来，已获得了1,120次阅读，显示了其在学术界的影响力。文章的主题聚焦于概括性原则，旨在探讨维希特四十年来在设计简单、高效和可靠的编译器方面积累的经验和方法。维希特不仅是一位语言大师，他的贡献对于理解现代编译器技术至关重要。论文作者Hanspeter Mössenböck，来自约翰内斯·开普勒大学林茨，与维希特的工作有紧密关联，他还参与了诸如GraalVM和MetaConc等项目，这些项目涉及元编程和复杂并发系统工具开发，展示了对编译器构建领域的持续关注和实践。论文可能涵盖了编译器的基础理论，如词法分析、语法分析、中间代码生成、优化策略以及目标代码生成等方面，这些都是构建一个高性能编译器的核心组件。维希特的"艺术"可能包括对模块化设计、自底向上（bottom-up）或自顶向下（top-down）方法的讨论，以及如何通过简化语言设计来简化编译器实现。此外，论文中可能还探讨了维希特对于编译器可靠性的重视，这可能涉及到错误处理、调试支持和性能测试等内容。由于Mössenböck上传了这份资料，并请求了增强，这表明他对维希特的思想和技术有着深入的研究，希望进一步提升编译器构建的质量和效率。《编译器构造——尼古拉斯·维希特的艺术》是一份重要的参考资料，对于理解编译器设计的基本理念、实践技巧以及相关研究趋势具有很高的价值。无论是对于初学者还是资深研究人员，都能从中收获宝贵的见解。"

2 Hanspeter Mössenböck

2 Guiding Principles

Besides using specific techniques, data structures and algorithms it is also important

that a compiler designer follows some general guidelines, which set the framework

for the whole development. Here are a few principles, which I believe to be central

in Wirth's compilers. The list is perhaps incomplete and somewhat arbitrary but

hopefully still some food for thought.

• Use straightforward techniques

Compiler technology is one of the most intensively researched fields in

Computer Science. There are highly sophisticated algorithms for syntax

analysis, semantic analysis, optimization and code generation. However, more

sophisticated techniques do not necessarily lead to better compilers. Wirth's

compilers use only the simplest techniques such as recursive descent parsing,

context-free semantic analysis and single-pass code generation with only a few

optimizations. Nevertheless these compilers generate sufficiently fast code and

run much faster than most commercial compilers. A compiler writer should

have the heart to refrain from using highly sophisticated algorithms if he can

see that more straightforward techniques are perfectly sufficient. In his Turing

Award lecture [2] Wirth wrote: "Within the Euler, Algol-W and PL360

projects, much consideration was given to the development of table-driven,

bottom-up syntax analysis techniques. Later I switched back to the simple

recursive-descent, top-down method, which is easily comprehensible and

unquestionably sufficiently powerful, if the syntax of the language is wisely

chosen."

• Simple compilers are more reliable compilers

As in any software project it is essential that a single person can grasp the

whole design of a compiler. This is what Brooks calls the conceptional

integrity of a software system [6]. It can only be achieved if the compiler is

simple enough. A compiler that cannot be understood as a whole by a single

software engineer cannot be guaranteed to be correct and cannot be maintained

without introducing new errors. In his Turing Award lecture Wirth confessed:

"… that this Modula compiler is already at the limits of comprehensible

complexity, and I would feel utterly incapable of constructing a good compiler

for Ada."

• Generate good code for the frequent case; don't optimize the exceptional case

It is much more important that frequent language constructs such as procedure

calls, array accesses, or general control structures are compiled efficiently than

to put too much effort into optimizations such as loop unrolling or induction

variable analysis that can only be exploited in rare cases. Wirth's compilers

don't use any of the more advanced optimization techniques. Instead they

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Niklaus Wirth的编译器构造艺术：原则与实践

Compiler Construction- Principles and Practice (Part1)

Compiler Construction-19th

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