《敏捷Web开发Rails实战》第四版：早期阅读体验

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"《敏捷Web开发与Rails(第4版)》(Agile Web Development with Rails, 4th edition)是一本专为Jared Rosoff准备的 Beta 版图书，由 Agile Publishing 发行，旨在为敏捷开发者提供最新、最前沿的技术指南。该书处于未完成阶段，作为早期发布的一部分，读者可以在正式出版前获取到部分内容，从而有机会提前几个月了解和学习。本书的特点是实时更新，读者可以在 http://pragprog.com 的账户中下载最新的电子书版本。然而，需要注意的是，由于尚未经过全面的技术编辑、校对和排版处理，书中可能会存在错误，如拼写错误、标点符号问题、页面布局不合理、断句不准确以及格式上的瑕疵。这些可能会影响阅读体验，但作者保证，尽管存在这些问题，这本书的内容仍然有价值。在使用这本书学习Rails开发时，请理解它并非最终成品，可能存在应用创建过程中可能出现的意想不到的错误或设计缺陷。不过，作者相信，即使在这样的状态下，读者也能从中获得宝贵的学习资源，并在反馈中帮助改进书籍质量，实现双赢。《敏捷Web开发与Rails(第4版)》适合那些希望紧跟敏捷开发潮流、快速学习和实践Rails框架的开发者，但需做好面对临时性文本缺陷的心理准备。通过参与这个 Beta 项目，读者将有机会参与到软件开发的迭代过程中，提升自己的技能同时对书籍质量做出贡献。"

PREFACE TO THE FOUR TH EDITION 16

In short, this book needed to adapt. Once again.

Sam Ruby

April 2010

Report erratum

this copy is (B8.0 printing, September 9, 2010)

Prepared exclusively for Jared Rosoff

RAILS SIMPLY FEELS RIGHT 20

Rails applications are written in Ruby, a modern, object-oriented scripting

language. Ruby is c oncise without being unintelligibly terse—you can express

ideas naturally and cleanly in Ruby code. This leads to pr ogra ms that are easy

to write and (just as important) are easy to read months later.

Rails takes Ruby to the limit, extending it in novel ways that make a pro-

grammer’s life easier. This makes our programs shorter and more readable.

It also allows us to perform tasks that would normally be done in external

conﬁguration ﬁles inside the codebase instead. This makes it far easier to see

what’s happening. The following code deﬁnes the model class for a project.

Don’t worry about the details for now. Instead, just think about how much

information is being expressed in a few lines of code.

class Project < ActiveRecord::Base

belongs_to :portfolio

has_one :project_manager

has_many :milestones

has_many :deliverables, :through => :milestones

validates :name, :description, :presence =>

true

validates :non_disclosure_agreement, :acceptance => true

validates :short_name, :uniqueness => true

end

Two other philosophical underpinnings keep Rails code short and readable:

DRY and convention over conﬁguration. DRY stands for don’t repeat yourself :

every piece of knowledge in a system should be expr essed in just one place.

Rails uses the power of Ruby to bring that to life. You’ll ﬁnd very little duplica-

tion in a Rails application; you say what you need to say in one place—a place

often suggested by the conventions of the MVC architecture—and then move

on. For programmers used to other web frameworks, where a simple change

to the schema could involve them in half a dozen or more code changes, this

was a revelation.

Convention over conﬁguration is crucial, too. It means that Rails has sensi-

ble defaults for just about every aspect of knitting together your application.

Follow the conventions, and you can write a Rails application using less code

than a ty pical Java web application uses in XML conﬁguration. If you need to

override the conventions, Rails makes that easy, too.

Developers coming to Rails found something else, too. Rails isn’t playing catch-

up with the new de facto web standards; it’s helping deﬁne them. And Rails

makes it easy for developers to integrate features such as Ajax and RESTful

interfaces into their code, because support is built in. (And if you’re not famil-

iar with Ajax and REST interfaces, never fear—we’ll explain them later in the

book.)

Report erratum

this copy is (B8.0 printing, September 9, 2010)

Prepared exclusively for Jared Rosoff

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