2016年ATA8-ACS标准：ACS-4草案——信息存储技术指南

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最新发布的ATA8-ACS标准，即ATA Command Set - 4 (ACS-4)，是于2016年10月14日正式推出的美国国家标准草案。这个标准由Accredited Standards Committee INCITS（T13/BSRINCITS529）负责制定，旨在规范信息技术领域中的ATA命令集，这是一种用于硬盘驱动器接口的通信协议。ACS-4是对原有标准的重要更新，旨在提高数据传输效率、增强兼容性和安全性。该标准的"Working Draft"性质表明，它正处于修订和完善的过程中，尚未完全标准化。这意味着在发布时可能还存在一些未决问题或正在进行的改动，用户在使用过程中应自行承担风险。T13 Technical Committee会根据公众审查期间收到的反馈进行必要的修改，直至其正式成为一项标准。许可条款明确指出，INCITS的成员和技术委员会及其关联任务组可以在标准化活动中复制此文档，只要包含此通知，无需额外许可。然而，任何形式的商业或营利性复制和再出版都被禁止，以保护知识产权。标准修订14的编审工作由Curtis E. Stevens博士，来自Western Digital Technologies, Inc.负责，地址位于美国加州Irvine。他提供的联系方式包括电话和电子邮件，以便用户在遇到问题时寻求技术支持或咨询。值得注意的是，该标准与ISO/IEC 17760-104:20xx以及ANSI INCITS 529-201x有直接关联，可能意味着它在国际上也有所遵循或参考。修订14的日期表明了标准的活跃性和及时性，对于从事IT行业特别是硬盘驱动器设计和接口开发的专业人士来说，了解并掌握这一最新标准是至关重要的，因为它直接影响到设备的性能和互操作性。

October 14, 2016 T13/BSR INCITS 529 Revision 14

Working Draft ATA Command Set - 4 (ACS-4) xvi

Contents

Page

Points of Contact....................................................................................................................................................ii

Document Status ...................................................................................................................................................v

Proposals Integrated in ACS-4 ........................................................................................................................... xiii

Contents.............................................................................................................................................................. xvi

Tables ............................................................................................................................................................... xxvi

Figures .............................................................................................................................................................xxxiii

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................... xxxiv

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... xxxv

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................... 2

3 Definitions, abbreviations, and conventions ....................................................................................................... 3

3.1 Definitions ................................................................................................................................................. 3

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 9

3.2.1 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 9

3.2.2 Units .............................................................................................................................................. 10

3.2.3 Symbols ........................................................................................................................................ 11

3.2.4 Mathematical operators ................................................................................................................. 11

3.3 Keywords ................................................................................................................................................ 11

3.4 Conventions ............................................................................................................................................ 12

3.4.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 12

3.4.2 Precedence ................................................................................................................................... 12

3.4.3 Lists ............................................................................................................................................... 13

3.4.4 Numbering ..................................................................................................................................... 13

3.4.5 Bit conventions .............................................................................................................................. 14

3.4.6 Number range convention ............................................................................................................. 14

3.4.7 State diagram conventions ............................................................................................................ 15

3.4.8 Byte, word, DWord, QWord, and DQWord Relationships ............................................................. 17

3.4.9 ATA string convention ................................................................................................................... 18

3.4.10 Offset Convention ....................................................................................................................... 19

4 Feature set definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 20

4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 20

4.1.1 Feature set summary .................................................................................................................... 20

4.1.2 Capacity reporting .........................................

................................................................................ 21

4.2 General feature set ................................................................................................................................. 22

4.2.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 22

4.2.2 Unexpected power removal .......................................................................................................... 22

4.2.3 Interactions with volatile caches .................................................................................................... 23

4.3 48-bit Address feature set ...................................................................................................................... 24

4.4 Accessible Max Address Configuration feature set ................................................................................ 25

4.4.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 25

4.4.2 SET ACCESSIBLE MAX ADDRESS EXT description .................................................................. 25

4.4.3 Device Statistics data .................................................................................................................... 25

4.5 Advanced Background Operation feature set ......................................................................................... 26

October 14, 2016 T13/BSR INCITS 529 Revision 14

Working Draft ATA Command Set - 4 (ACS-4) xvii

4.5.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 26

4.5.2 Host-initiated advanced background operations ...........................................................................26

4.5.3 Device-initiated advanced background operations ....................................................................... 27

4.6 Advanced Power Management (APM) feature set ................................................................................. 28

4.7 CompactFlash Association (CFA) feature set ........................................................................................ 29

4.8 Device Statistics Notification (DSN) feature set ..................................................................................... 30

4.8.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 30

4.8.2 DSN notifications ........................................................................................................................... 30

4.8.3 DSN notifications setup ................................................................................................................. 31

4.9 Extended Power Conditions (EPC) feature set ...................................................................................... 32

4.9.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 32

4.9.2 Power conditions ........................................................................................................................... 32

4.9.3 Power condition timers .................................................................................................................. 32

4.9.4 Interaction with resets, commands, and other features if the EPC feature set is enabled ............ 33

4.10 Free-fall Control feature set .................................................................................................................. 35

4.11 General Purpose Logging (GPL) feature set ........................................................................................ 36

4.12 Hybrid Information feature set .............................................................................................................. 37

4.12.1 Hybrid Information feature overview ........................................................................................... 37

4.12.2

HYBRID INFORMATION field ............................................................................................................ 39

4.12.3 Syncing ....................................................................................................................................... 43

4.12.4 Interactions with ATA power management .................................................................................43

4.12.5 Other Hybrid conditions ............................................................................................................... 44

4.13 Long Logical Sector (LLS) feature set .................................................................................................. 46

4.14 Long Physical Sector (LPS) feature set ................................................................................................ 48

4.15 Native Command Queuing (NCQ) feature set ...................................................................................... 50

4.15.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 50

4.15.2 Priority ......................................................................................................................................... 50

4.15.3 Unload with NCQ commands outstanding .................................................................................. 51

4.15.4 Command Phases ....................................................................................................................... 51

4.15.5 NCQ command processing order requirements .......................................................................... 51

4.15.6 ATA device commands encapsulated in NCQ feature set commands ....................................... 52

4.15.7 Returning sense data for successful NCQ feature set commands ............................................. 52

4.16 Power Management feature set ........................................................................................................... 53

4.16.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 53

4.16.2 Power management commands ................................................................................................. 53

4.16.3 Standby timer .............................................................................................................................. 53

4.16.4 Power Management states and transitions ................................................................................. 54

4.17 Power-Up In Standby (PUIS) feature set .............................................................................................. 58

4.17.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 58

4.17.2 Interactions with the IDENTIFY DEVICE command .................................................................... 58

4.17.3 PUIS feature set device spin-up subcommand ........................................................................... 58

4.18 Rebuild Assist feature set ..................................................................................................................... 59

4.18.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 59

4.18.2 Enabling the Rebuild Assist feature set ...................................................................................... 59

4.18.3 Using the Rebuild Assist feature set ........................................................................................... 59

4.18.4 Disabling the Rebuild Assist feature set ...................................................................................... 61

4.18.5 Testing the Rebuild Assist feature set ......................................................................................... 61

4.19 Sanitize Device feature set ................................................................................................................... 62

4.19.1 Overview ...............................................

................................................................

...................... 62

4.19.2 Sanitize operation scope ............................................................................................................. 62

4.19.3 Sanitize commands ..................................................................................................................... 62

4.19.4 Sanitize operations ...................................................................................................................... 62

4.19.5 Interactions of the Sanitize Device feature set and Security feature set ..................................... 63

4.19.6 Command processing during sanitize operations ....................................................................... 63

4.19.7 Sanitize Operation Completed Without Error value .................................................................... 64

4.19.8 Failure Mode Policy value ........................................................................................................... 64

4.19.9 Sanitize Antifreeze value ............................................................................................................. 64

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Working Draft ATA Command Set - 4 (ACS-4) xviii

4.19.10 Sanitize Device state machine .................................................................................................. 65

4.20 SATA Hardware Feature Control feature set ........................................................................................ 68

4.21 Security feature set ............................................................................................................................... 69

4.21.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 69

4.21.2 Disabling and enabling the Security feature set .......................................................................... 69

4.21.3 Passwords ................................................................................................................................... 69

4.21.4 Master password capability ......................................................................................................... 69

4.21.5 Frozen mode ............................................................................................................................... 70

4.21.6 Commands .................................................................................................................................. 70

4.21.7 Security initial setting .................................................................................................................. 70

4.21.8 Password Rules .......................................................................................................................... 70

4.21.9 Password attempt counter and

SECURITY COUNT EXPIRED bit ...................................................... 70

4.21.10 Master Password Identifier feature ........................................................................................... 71

4.21.11 Security states ........................................................................................................................... 71

4.22 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (SMART) feature set ........................................ 81

4.22.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 81

4.22.2 Device SMART data structure ..................................................................................................... 81

4.22.3 Background data collection ......................................................................................................... 81

4.22.4 Off-line/Captive mode data collection ......................................................................................... 81

4.22.5 Threshold exceeded condition .................................................................................................... 81

4.22.6 SMART feature set commands ................................................................................................... 81

4.22.7 SMART operation with power management modes .................................................................... 81

4.22.8 SMART device error log reporting ............................................................................................... 81

4.23 Sense Data Reporting feature set ........................................................................................................ 83

4.23.1 General ....................................................................................................................................... 83

4.23.2 Current information sense data and deferred error sense data .................................................. 83

4.24 Software Settings Preservation (SSP) feature set ................................................................................ 85

4.25 Streaming feature set ........................................................................................................................... 86

4.25.1 Streaming feature set overview ................................................................................................... 86

4.25.2 Streaming commands ................................................................................................................. 86

4.26 Trusted Computing feature set ............................................................................................................. 88

4.27 Write-Read-Verify feature set ............................................................................................................... 89

5 ATA protocols .................................................................................................................................................. 90

6 Normal and Error Output field descriptions ...................................................................................................... 91

6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 91

6.2

STATUS field ............................................................................................................................................. 91

6.2.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 91

6.2.2

ALIGNMENT ERROR bit ..................................................................................................................... 91

6.2.3

BUSY bit ......................................................................................................................................... 92

6.2.4

DATA REQUEST bit ........................................................................................................................... 92

6.2.5

DEFERRED WRITE ERROR bit ............................................................................................................ 92

6.2.6

DEVICE FAULT bit ............................................................................................................................ 92

6.2.7

DEVICE READY bit ............................................................................................................................ 92

6.2.8

ERROR bit ....................................................................................................................................... 92

6.2.9

SENSE DATA AVAILABLE bit .............................................................................................................. 92

6.2.10

STREAM ERROR bit ........................................................................................................................ 95

6.2.11 Transport Dependent bits and fields ........................................................................................... 96

6.3

ERROR field .............................................................................................................................................. 96

6.3.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 96

6.3.2

ABORT bit ....................................................................................................................................... 96

6.3.3

COMMAND COMPLETION TIME OUT bit ............................................................................................... 96

6.3.4

ID NOT FOUND bit ............................................................................................................................ 97

6.3.5

INTERFACE CRC bit ..........................................................................................................................97

6.3.6

UNCORRECTABLE ERROR bit ............................................................................................................ 97

6.4

INTERRUPT REASON field .......................................................................................................................... 97

October 14, 2016 T13/BSR INCITS 529 Revision 14

Working Draft ATA Command Set - 4 (ACS-4) xix

6.4.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 97

6.4.2

COMMAND/DATA bit ......................................................................................................................... 97

6.4.3

INPUT/OUTPUT bit ............................................................................................................................ 97

6.5

COUNT field .............................................................................................................................................. 97

6.5.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 97

6.5.2 Contiguous stream logical sectors that contain potentially bad data ............................................ 98

6.5.3 NCQ Tag ....................................................................................................................................... 98

6.6

SACTIVE field ............................................................................................................................................ 98

6.7

SATA STATUS field .................................................................................................................................... 98

6.8

LBA field ................................................................................................................................................... 98

6.8.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 98

6.8.2 LBA of First Unrecoverable Error .................................................................................................. 98

7 Command descriptions .................................................................................................................................... 99

7.1 Command description introduction ......................................................................................................... 99

7.1.10 Command Code Usage ............................................................................................................. 103

7.2 Accessible Max Address Configuration ................................................................................................ 104

7.2.1 Accessible Max Address Configuration overview ....................................................................... 104

7.2.2 GET NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT – 78h/0000h, Non-Data ..................................................... 104

7.2.3 SET ACCESSIBLE MAX ADDRESS EXT – 78h/0001h, Non-Data ............................................. 106

7.2.4 FREEZE ACCESSIBLE MAX ADDRESS EXT – 78h/0002h, Non-Data...................................... 108

7.3 CHECK POWER MODE – E5h, Non-Data ........................................................................................... 109

7.4 CONFIGURE STREAM – 51h, Non-Data ............................................................................................. 110

7.5 DATA SET MANAGEMENT – 06h, DMA ............................................................................................. 112

7.5.1 Feature Set ................................................................................................................................. 112

7.5.2 Description .................................................................................................................................. 112

7.5.3 Inputs .......................................................................................................................................... 112

7.5.4 Normal Outputs ........................................................................................................................... 114

7.5.5 Error Outputs ............................................................................................................................... 114

7.5.6 Output from the Host to the Device Data Structure ..................................................................... 114

7.5.7 NCQ encapsulation ..................................................................................................................... 115

7.6 DATA SET MANAGEMENT XL – 07h, DMA ........................................................................................ 116

7.6.1 Feature Set ................................................................................................................................. 116

7.6.2 Description .................................................................................................................................. 116

7.6.3 Inputs .......................................................................................................................................... 116

7.6.4 Normal Outputs ........................................................................................................................... 116

7.6.5 Error Outputs ............................................................................................................................... 116

7.6.6 Output from the Host to the Device Data Structure ..................................................................... 117

7.6.7 NCQ encapsulation ..................................................................................................................... 117

7.7 DOWNLOAD MICROCODE – 92h, PIO Data-Out/Non-Data ............................................................... 118

7.8 DOWNLOAD MICROCODE DMA – 93h, DMA/Non-Data ................

.................................................... 132

7.9 EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOS

TIC – 90h, Execute Device Diagnostic ................................................ 133

7.10 FLUSH CACHE – E7h, Non-Data ...................................................................................................... 135

7.11 FLUSH CACHE EXT – EAh, Non-Data .............................................................................................. 137

7.12 IDENTIFY DEVICE – ECh, PIO Data-In ............................................................................................. 139

7.13 IDLE – E3h, Non-Data ........................................................................................................................ 175

7.14 IDLE IMMEDIATE – E1h, Non-Data ................................................................................................... 177

7.15 NCQ NON-DATA – 63h, Non-Data .................................................................................................... 179

7.15.4 Output from the Host to the Device Data Structure ................................................................... 180

7.15.5 Command Acceptance Outputs ................................................................................................ 180

7.15.6 Normal Outputs ......................................................................................................................... 180

7.15.7 Error Outputs ............................................................................................................................. 180

7.15.8 HYBRID DEMOTE BY SIZE – 63h/2h, Non-Data ...................................................................... 181

7.15.9 HYBRID CHANGE BY LBA RANGE – 63h/3h, Non-Data ......................................................... 184

7.15.10 HYBRID CONTROL – 63h/4h, Non-Data................................................................................. 188

7.15.11 ABORT NCQ QUEUE – 63h/0h, Non-Data.............................................................................. 191

7.15.12 DEADLINE HANDLING – 63h/1h, Non-Data ........................................................................... 194

October 14, 2016 T13/BSR INCITS 529 Revision 14

Working Draft ATA Command Set - 4 (ACS-4) xx

7.16 NOP – 00h, Non-Data ........................................................................................................................ 196

7.17 READ BUFFER – E4h, PIO Data-In ................................................................................................... 197

7.18 READ BUFFER DMA – E9h, DMA ..................................................................................................... 198

7.19 READ DMA – C8h, DMA .................................................................................................................... 199

7.20 READ DMA EXT – 25h, DMA ............................................................................................................. 201

7.21 READ FPDMA QUEUED – 60h, DMA Queued .................................................................................. 203

7.21.1 Feature Set ............................................................................................................................... 203

7.21.2 Description ................................................................................................................................ 203

7.21.3 Inputs ........................................................................................................................................ 203

7.21.4 Command Acceptance Outputs ................................................................................................ 204

7.21.5 Normal Outputs ......................................................................................................................... 204

7.21.6 Error Outputs ............................................................................................................................. 204

7.22 READ LOG EXT – 2Fh, PIO Data-In .................................................................................................. 206

7.23 READ LOG DMA EXT – 47h, DMA .................................................................................................... 208

7.23.1 Feature Set ............................................................................................................................... 208

7.23.2 Description ................................................................................................................................ 208

7.23.3 Inputs ........................................................................................................................................ 208

7.23.4 Normal Outputs ......................................................................................................................... 208

7.23.5 Error Outputs ............................................................................................................................. 208

7.23.6 NCQ encapsulation ................................................................................................................... 209

7.24 READ SECTOR(S) – 20h, PIO Data-In .............................................................................................. 210

7.25 READ SECTOR(S) EXT – 24h, PIO Data-In ...................................................................................... 212

7.26 READ STREAM DMA EXT – 2Ah, DMA ............................................................................................ 214

7.27 READ STREAM EXT – 2Bh, PIO Data-In .......................................................................................... 217

7.28 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) – 40h, Non-Data ................................................................................... 218

7.29 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT – 42h, Non-Data ........................................................................... 220

7.30 RECEIVE FPDMA QUEUED – 65h, DMA Queued ............................................................................ 222

7.30.4 Command Acceptance Outputs ................................................................................................ 223

7.30.5 Normal Outputs ......................................................................................................................... 223

7.30.6 Error Outputs ............................................................................................................................. 223

7.31 REQUEST SENSE DATA EXT – 0Bh, Non-Data ............................................................................... 224

7.32 Sanitize Device ...........................................

........................................................................................ 225

7.32.1 Sanitize Device Overview ......................................................................................................... 225

7.32.2 BLOCK ERASE EXT – B4h/0012h, Non-Data ........................................................................... 226

7.32.3 CRYPTO SCRAMBLE EXT – B4h/0011h, Non-Data................................................................. 229

7.32.4 OVERWRITE EXT – B4h/0014h, Non-Data............................................................................... 232

7.32.5 SANITIZE ANTIFREEZE LOCK EXT – B4h/0040h, Non-Data .................................................. 236

7.32.6 SANITIZE FREEZE LOCK EXT – B4h/0020h, Non-Data .......................................................... 238

7.32.7 SANITIZE STATUS EXT – B4h/0000h, Non-Data ..................................................................... 240

7.33 SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD – F6h, PIO Data-Out ................................................................. 242

7.34 SECURITY ERASE PREPARE – F3h, Non-Data .............................................................................. 244

7.35 SECURITY ERASE UNIT – F4h, PIO Data-Out ................................................................................. 245

7.36 SECURITY FREEZE LOCK – F5h, Non-Data .................................................................................... 248

7.37 SECURITY SET PASSWORD – F1h, PIO Data-Out ......................................................................... 250

7.38 SECURITY UNLOCK – F2h, PIO Data-Out ....................................................................................... 253

7.39 SEND FPDMA QUEUED – 64h, DMA Queued .................................................................................. 256

7.39.4 Output from the Host to the Device Data Structure ................................................................... 257

7.39.5 Command Acceptance Outputs ................................................................................................ 257

7.39.6 Normal Outputs ......................................................................................................................... 257

7.39.7 Error Outputs ............................................................................................................................. 257

7.39.8 HYBRID EVICT – 64h/1h, DMA Queued ................................................................................... 258

7.40 SET DATE & TIME EXT – 77h, Non-Data .......................................................................................... 263

7.41 SET FEATURES – EFh, Non-Data .................................................................................................... 264

7.41.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 264

7.41.2 SET FEATURES subcommands ............................................................................................... 266

7.41.3 Enable/disable volatile write cache ........................................................................................... 268

7.41.4 Set transfer mode ...................................................................................................................... 269

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2016年ATA8-ACS标准：ACS-4草案——信息存储技术指南

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