Python GUI编程:Tkinter组件详解

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"Tkinter是Python内置的图形用户界面(GUI)库,用于创建桌面应用程序。这份Tkinter汇总PDF文档详细介绍了Tkinter中的两种主要组件:Label和Button,以及它们的使用方法和各种选项。 Tkinter Label组件是用于展示文本和图像的控件,支持双重缓冲技术,以提供平滑的显示效果。创建Label组件的基本步骤包括导入tkinter库,初始化Tk窗口,创建Label实例,并使用pack()方法布局。Label的text属性可以设置要显示的文本,而foreground(fg)和background(bg)则用来调整文本和背景颜色。为了显示多行文本,可以使用换行符或wraplength选项,同时利用anchor和justify参数控制文本对齐方式。此外,Label还可以显示PhotoImage和BitmapImage对象,需要注意的是,必须保持对图片对象的引用,以免被Python的垃圾回收机制删除。 Tkinter Button组件则用于创建各种功能按钮,如工具栏、窗口中的操作按钮等。创建Button时,可以设置state属性为DISABLED使其处于禁用状态,使用padx和pady增加内容与边框之间的间距。Button同样支持多行文本和文本换行,可以利用相同的方法调整文本布局。改变Button的外观,例如将其凹陷,可以通过修改relief选项,如设置为SUNKEN。Button的重要方法包括flash(),用于快速重绘按钮,以及invoke(),用于触发command选项指定的函数或方法,并返回函数的执行结果。 Tkinter为开发者提供了丰富的GUI组件和定制选项,使得创建具有交互性的Python应用变得简单。通过熟练掌握Label和Button的使用,开发者可以构建出功能完备的用户界面。这份Tkinter汇总PDF是学习和查阅Tkinter组件用法的宝贵资料,对于Python GUI编程的学习者极具参考价值。"
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Abstract Describes the Tkinter widget set for constructing graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in the Python programming language. This publication is available in Web form1 and also as a PDF document2. Please forward any comments to tcc-doc@nmt.edu. Table of Contents 1. What is Tkinter?.......................................................................................................................3 2. A minimal application..............................................................................................................3 3. Definitions..............................................................................................................................4 4. Layout management.................................................................................................................5 4.1. The .grid() method....................................................................................................5 4.2. Other grid management methods...................................................................................6 4.3. Configuring column and row sizes.................................................................................7 4.4. Making the root window resizeable................................................................................8 5. Standard attributes...................................................................................................................8 5.1. Dimensions...................................................................................................................9 5.2. The coordinate system...................................................................................................9 5.3. Colors...........................................................................................................................9 5.4. Type fonts...................................................................................................................10 5.5. Anchors......................................................................................................................11 5.6. Relief styles.................................................................................................................12 5.7. Bitmaps.......................................................................................................................12 5.8. Cursors.......................................................................................................................12 5.9. Images........................................................................................................................14 5.10. Geometry strings........................................................................................................14 5.11. Window names...........................................................................................................15 5.12. Cap and join styles.....................................................................................................15 5.13. Dash patterns.............................................................................................................16 5.14. Matching stipple patterns............................................................................................16 6. The Button widget................................................................................................................17 7. The Canvas widget................................................................................................................19 7.1. Canvas coordinates......................................................................................................20 7.2. The Canvas display list................................................................................................20 7.3. Canvas object IDs........................................................................................................21 7.4. Canvas tags................................................................................................................21 1http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/ 2http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/tkinter.pdf 1 Tkinter reference New Mexico Tech Computer Center 7.5. CanvastagOrId arguments......................................................................................21 7.6. Methods on Canvas widgets........................................................................................21 7.7. Canvas arc objects.......................................................................................................26 7.8. Canvas bitmap objects.................................................................................................28 7.9. Canvas image objects..................................................................................................29 7.10. Canvas line objects.....................................................................................................29 7.11. Canvas oval objects....................................................................................................31 7.12. Canvas polygon objects..............................................................................................32 7.13. Canvas rectangle objects.............................................................................................34 7.14. Canvas text objects.....................................................................................................35 7.15. Canvas window objects..............................................................................................36 8. The Checkbutton widget......................................................................................................37 9. The Entry widget..................................................................................................................40 9.1. Scrolling an Entry widget............................................................................................43 10. The Frame widget................................................................................................................43 11. The Label widget................................................................................................................44 12. The LabelFrame widget......................................................................................................46 13. The Listbox widget............................................................................................................48 13.1. Scrolling a Listbox widget........................................................................................52 14. The Menu widget..................................................................................................................52 14.1. Menu item creation (coption) options.........................................................................55 14.2. Top-level menus.........................................................................................................56 15. The Menubutton widget......................................................................................................57 16. The Message widget............................................................................................................59 17. The OptionMenu widget.......................................................................................................60 18. The PanedWindow widget....................................................................................................61 18.1. PanedWindow child configuration options...................................................................63 19. The Radiobutton widget....................................................................................................64 20. The Scale widget................................................................................................................67 21. The Scrollbar widget........................................................................................................70 21.1. The Scrollbarcommand callback............................................................................72 21.2. Connecting a Scrollbar to another widget................................................................73 22. The Spinbox widget............................................................................................................73 23. The Text widget..................................................................................................................78 23.1. Text widget indices...................................................................................................80 23.2. Text widget marks....................................................................................................81 23.3. Text widget images...................................................................................................82 23.4. Text widget windows...............................................................................................82 23.5. Text widget tags.......................................................................................................82 23.6. Setting tabs in a Text widget......................................................................................83 23.7. The Text widget undo/redo stack..............................................................................83 23.8. Methods on Text widgets..........................................................................................84 24. Toplevel: Top-level window methods..................................................................................91 25. Universal widget methods.....................................................................................................93 26. Standardizing appearance...................................................................................................101 26.1. How to name a widget class......................................................................................102 26.2. How to name a widget instance.................................................................................102 26.3. Resource specification lines.......................................................................................102 26.4. Rules for resource matching......................................................................................103 27. Connecting your application logic to the widgets...................................................................104 28. Control variables: the values behind the widgets...................................................................104 29. Focus: routing keyboard input.............................................................................................106 New Mexico Tech Computer Center Tkinter reference 2 30. Events................................................................................................................................107 30.1. Levels of binding......................................................................................................108 30.2. Event sequences.......................................................................................................109 30.3. Event types..............................................................................................................109 30.4. Event modifiers........................................................................................................110 30.5. Key names...............................................................................................................111 30.6. Writing your handler: The Event class......................................................................113 30.7. The extra arguments trick..........................................................................................115 30.8. Virtual events...........................................................................................................116 31. Pop-up dialogs....................................................................................................................116 31.1. The tkMessageBox dialogs module..........................................................................116 31.2. The tkFileDialog module.....................................................................................118 31.3. The tkColorChooser module.................................................................................119