iOS编程进阶指南：精通Objective-C与AppKit

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"iOS编程(第2版)" 是一本由Joe Conway和Aaron Hillegass编写的书籍，旨在全面介绍开发iOS应用所需的技能和知识。这本书覆盖了Objective-C的基础，包括新添加的语言特性，以及AppKit库和Cocoa设计模式的应用。此外，书中还涉及了Xcode的使用技巧和Instruments等调试工具的使用方法。本书适合不同层次的iOS开发者，对于初学者，前4章提供了快速入门的路径，讲解了基础概念和编程环境的搭建。而对于有经验的开发者，全书内容能够帮助他们巩固已有的知识，发现可能忽视的细节，提升解决问题的能力。书中详细介绍了iOS编程的核心技术，Objective-C作为主要的编程语言，是iOS开发的基础。Objective-C是一种面向对象的语言，它在C语言的基础上增加了消息传递机制，使得代码更加灵活且易于维护。学习Objective-C的语法、类的定义、对象的创建和销毁、内存管理（如ARC，Automatic Reference Counting）等内容是每个iOS开发者必须掌握的。 AppKit库是iOS应用程序开发中的重要组成部分，提供了许多用于构建用户界面的类和工具。理解如何使用这些类来创建视图、控件，处理用户交互，以及实现界面布局是构建用户友好应用的关键。 Cocoa设计模式是iOS开发中的最佳实践，如单例模式、代理模式、观察者模式等，它们帮助开发者编写可复用、可维护的代码。了解并熟练运用这些模式，可以使代码结构更清晰，提高开发效率。 Xcode是iOS开发的主要集成开发环境，书中会讲解如何使用Xcode进行项目管理、代码编辑、调试和构建应用。Xcode的Interface Builder可以帮助直观地设计用户界面，而Instruments则是一个强大的性能分析工具，通过它能对应用进行性能优化，识别和解决内存泄漏等问题。此外，书中还会涉及版本控制（如Git）、测试策略（单元测试和UI测试）、应用发布流程以及App Store的审核指南等实际开发过程中不可或缺的知识。 "iOS编程(第2版)"是一本全面而深入的iOS开发指南，无论你是初入iOS开发领域，还是寻求进一步提升的开发者，都能从中获益匪浅。通过阅读本书，你将能够掌握iOS开发的核心技术和最佳实践，从而更好地开发和优化你的iOS应用。

Intr oduction

How T o Use This Book

This book is based on the class we teach at Big Nerd Ranch. As such, it was designed to be consumed

in a certain manner.

Set yourself a reasonable goal, like “I will do one chapter every day.” When you sit down to attack a

chapter, find a quiet place where you won’t be interrupted for at least an hour. Shut down your email,

your Twitter client, and your chat program. This is not a time for multi-tasking; you will need to

concentrate.

Do the actual programming. You can read through a chapter first, if you’d like. But the real learning

comes when you sit down and code as you go. You will not really understand the idea until you have

written a program that uses it and, perhaps more importantly, debugged that program.

A couple of the exercises require supporting files. For example, in the first chapter you will need

an icon for your Quiz application, and we have one for you. You can download the resources and

solutions to the exercises from http://www.bignerdranch.com/solutions/iOSProgramming.zip.

There are two types of learning. When you learn about the Civil War, you are simply adding details

to a scaffolding of ideas that you already understand. This is what we will call “Easy Learning”. Yes,

learning about the Civil War can take a long time, but you are seldom flummoxed by it. Learning iOS

programming, on the other hand, is “Hard Learning,” and you may find yourself quite baffled at times,

especially in the first few days. In writing this book, we have tried to create an experience that will

ease you over the bumps in the learning curve. Here are two things you can do to make the journey

easier:

• Find someone who already knows how to write iOS applications and will answer your questions. In

particular, getting your application onto the device the first time is usually very frustrating if you are

doing it without the help of an experienced developer.

• Get enough sleep. Sleepy people don’t remember what they have learned.

How This Book Is Organized

In this book, each chapter addresses one or more ideas of iOS development followed by hands-on

practice. For more coding practice, we issue challenges towards the end of each chapter. We encourage

you to take on at least some of these. They are excellent for firming up the concepts introduced in the

chapter and making you a more confident iOS programmer. Finally, most chapters conclude with one

or two “For the More Curious” sections that explain certain consequences of the concepts that were

introduced earlier.

Chapter 1 introduces you to iOS programming as you build and deploy a tiny application. You’ll get

your feet wet with Xcode and the iOS simulator along with all the steps for creating projects and files.

The chapter includes a discussion of Model-View-Controller and how it relates to iOS development.

Chapters 2 and 3 provide an overview of Objective-C and memory management. Although you

won’t create an iOS application in these two chapters, you will build and debug a tool called

RandomPossessions to ground you in these concepts. (You will reuse this tool and its related class in

the Homepwner application introduced in Chapter 10.)

In Chapters 4 and 5, you will learn about the Core Location and MapKit frameworks and create a

mapping application called Whereami. You will also get plenty of experience with the important

Intr oduction

xvi

design pattern of delegation and working with protocols, frameworks, object diagrams, and the Apple

documentation.

Chapters 6 and 7 focus on the iOS user interface with the Hypnosister and HypnoTime applications.

You will get lots of practice working with views and view controllers as well as implementing

scrolling, zooming, and navigating between screens using a tab bar.

Chapter 8 covers the accelerometer. You will learn how to obtain, filter, and use the data from the

accelerometer to handle motion events, including shakes. You will use accelerometer data to add a new

feature to the HypnoTime application.

In Chapter 9, you will create a smaller application named HeavyRotation while learning about

notifications and how to implement autorotation in an application. You will also use autoresizing to

make HeavyRotation iPad-friendly.

Chapter 10 introduces the largest application in the book – Homepwner. (By the way, “Homepwner” is

not a typo; you can find the definition of “pwn” at www.urbandictionary.com.) This application keeps

a record of your possessions in case of fire or other catastrophe. Homepwner will take nine chapters

total to complete.

In Chapters 10, 11, and 16, you will build experience displaying lists of information. You will learn

about table views, their view controllers, and their data sources. You will learn how to display data in a

table, how to allow the user to edit the table, and how to improve the interface.

Chapter 12 builds on the navigation experience gained in Chapter 7. You will learn how to use

UINavigationController, and you will give Homepwner a drill-down interface and a navigation bar.

In Chapter 13, you’ll learn how to take pictures with the camera and how to display and store images

in Homepwner. You’ll use NSDictionary and UIImagePickerController.

In Chapter 14, you’ll learn about UIPopoverController for the iPad and modal view controllers. In

addition, you will make Homepwner a universal application – an application that runs natively on both

the iPhone and the iPad.

Chapter 15 delves into ways to save and load data. In particular, you will archive data in the

Homepwner application using the NSCoding protocol. The chapter also shows you how to work with

multitasking and transitions between application states, such as active, background, and suspended.

Chapter 17 is an introduction to Core Data. You will change the Homepwner application to store and

load its data using an NSManagedObjectContext.

Chapter 18 introduces the concepts and techniques of internationalization and localization. You will

learn about NSLocale, strings tables, and NSBundle as you localize Homepwner. This chapter will

complete the Homepwner app.

In Chapter 19, you will use NSUserDefaults to save user preferences in a persistent manner.

In Chapter 20, you’ll create a drawing application named TouchTracker. You’ll learn how to add multi-

touch capability and more about touch events. You’ll also get experience with the first responder and

responder chain concepts and more practice with NSDictionary.

In Chapter 21, You’ll learn about the Instruments application while debugging performance and

memory issues in TouchTracker. It will also discuss Xcode schemes and the static analyzer.

Chapters 22 and 23 introduce layers and the Core Animation framework with a brief return to the

HypnoTime application to implement animations. You will learn about implicit animations and

animation objects, like CABasicAnimation and CAKeyframeAnimation.

Intr oduction

xvii

Chapter 24 covers two important features of Objective-C: blocks and categories.

Chapter 25 ventures into the wide world of web services as you create the Nerdfeed application. This

application fetches and parses an RSS feed from a server using NSURLConnection and NSXMLParser.

Nerdfeed will also display a web page in a UIWebView.

In Chapter 26, you will learn about UISplitViewController and add a split view user interface to

Nerdfeed to take advantage of the iPad’s larger screen size.

Chapter 27 will show you how to play audio and video as you build an application called MediaPlayer.

You will learn about playing audio and video, where to keep these resources, streaming limits, and the

low-level audio API. You will also enable MediaPlayer to play music while in the background state

and learn guidelines and other uses for background execution.

Chapter 28 includes building a Cocoa application for the Mac desktop. You will also write an iOS

application that uses Bonjour to locate the desktop app on the network. Once the desktop application is

located, you will talk to it via HTTP.

In Chapter 29, you’ll extend the desktop app so that it can send push notifications to your iOS device.

Style Choices

This book contains a lot of code. We have attempted to make that code and the designs behind it

exemplary. We have done our best to follow the idioms of the community, but at times we have

wandered from what you might see in Apple’s sample code or code you might find in other books.

You may not understand these points now, but it is best that we spell them out before you commit to

reading this book:

• There is an alternative syntax for calling accessor methods known as dot-notation. In this book, we

will explain dot-notation, but we will not use it. For us and for most beginners, dot-notation tends to

obfuscate what is really happening.

• In our subclasses of UIViewController, we always change the designated initializer to init. It is

our opinion that the creator of the instance should not need to know the name of the XIB file that the

view controller uses, or even if it has a XIB file at all.

• We will always create view controllers programmatically. Some programmers will instantiate

view controllers inside XIB files. We’ve found this practice leads to projects that are difficult to

comprehend and debug.

• We will nearly always start a project with the simplest template project: the window-based

application. The boilerplate code in the other template projects doesn’t follow the rules that precede

this one, so we think they make a poor basis upon which to build.

We believe that following these rules makes our code easier to understand and easier to maintain.

After you have worked through this book (where you will do it our way), you should try breaking the

rules to see if we’re wrong.

T ypographical Conventions

To make this book easier to read, certain items appear in certain fonts. Class names, method names,

and function names appear in a bold, fixed-width font. Class names start with capital letters, and

Intr oduction

xviii

method names start with lowercase letters. In this book, method and function names will be formatted

the same for simplicity’s sake. For example, “In the loadView method of the RexViewController

class, use the NSLog function to print the value to the console.”

Variables, constants, and types appear in a fixed-width font but are not bold. So you’ll see, “The

variable fido will be of type float. Initialize it to M_PI.”

Applications and menu choices appear in the Mac system font. For example, “Open Xcode and select

New Project... from the File menu.”

All code blocks will be in a fixed-width font. Code that you need to type in is always bold. For

example, in the following code, you would type in everything but the first and last lines. (Those lines

are already in the code and appear here to let you know where to add the new stuff.)

@interface QuizAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {

int currentQuestionIndex;

// The model objects

NSMutableArray *questions;

NSMutableArray *answers;

// The view objects

IBOutlet UILabel *questionField;

IBOutlet UILabel *answerField;

UIWindow *window;

}

Necessary Hardware and Software

You can only develop iOS apps on an Intel Mac. You will need to download Apple’s iOS SDK,

which includes Xcode (Apple’s Integrated Development Environment), the iOS simulator, and other

development tools.

You should join Apple’s iOS Developer Program, which costs $99/year, for three reasons:

• Downloading the latest developer tools is free for members.

• Only signed apps will run on a device, and only members can sign apps. If you want to test your app

on your device, you will need to join.

• You can’t put an app in the store until you are a member.

If you are going to take the time to work through this entire book, membership in the iOS Developer

Program is, without question, worth the cost. Go to http://developer.apple.com/programs/ios/ to

join.

What about iOS devices? Most of the applications you will develop in the first half of the book are for

the iPhone, but you will be able to run them on an iPad. On the iPad screen, iPhone applications appear

in an iPhone-sized window. Not a compelling use of the iPad, but that’s okay when you’re starting

with iOS. In these first chapters, you’ll be focused on learning the fundamentals of the iOS SDK, and

these are the same across iOS devices. Later in the book, we’ll look at some iPad-only options and how

to make applications run natively on both iOS device families.

Excited yet? Good. Let’s get started.

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