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首页构建企业级OpenStack云平台实战指南
"OpenStack in Action: 2016 版本的这本实践指南深入探讨了如何在现实世界环境中构建和管理自己的云计算平台。作者V.K. Cody Bumgardner以实际案例和详细的步骤指导读者设计物理硬件集群以及基础设施服务。书中首先涵盖了如何选择和配置虚拟及物理服务器,包括服务器的部署与优化。接着,读者将学习如何实施软件定义网络(Software-Defined Networking, SDN),这在现代云架构中至关重要。 该书特别关注技术细节,如设计、部署和运营一个企业级的OpenStack云环境,确保系统的稳定性和安全性。读者还将了解到如何根据自身的业务需求和环境特性对OpenStack进行定制化部署,使之更符合组织的具体需求。 此外,书中还着重讲解了如何将云平台作为用户界面,提供软件和服务,使其不仅限于基础设施层面,更能满足最终用户的日常操作和业务流程。这包括API的设计、开发和集成,以及用户体验优化等。 整个过程中,版权信息表明本书由Manning Publications出版,强调了在未经许可的情况下复制或传播内容的法律限制。书中提及的许多制造商和卖家的产品名称可能已被注册为商标,体现了尊重知识产权的重要性。 《OpenStack in Action》是一本实用且全面的教程,适合IT专业人士、云管理员和技术领导者,帮助他们掌握OpenStack技术,提升云计算能力,并在企业内部实现真正的云计算转型。"
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xv
preface
My first exposure to OpenStack came in the summer of 2011 while I was working at
the University of Kentucky. My coworker and friend, Brent Salisbury, and I were
invited to meet with a Fortune 50 technology company to discuss a product develop-
ment project. During our meeting, the project’s executive sponsor gave us the option
to work with existing commercial tools or investigate the use of a community project
called OpenStack. Naturally, we chose to work with the framework we knew nothing
about, and so began our OpenStack journey. Nothing came of the product develop-
ment project, but the OpenStack encounter, as it turned out, became a turning point
in our professional, and in my case academic, careers. Brent left the university and
cofounded a startup that was acquired by Docker, where he currently works. I, on the
other hand, transferred from a master’s to a doctoral program and wrote this book.
By early 2013, the Grizzly release of OpenStack somewhat resembled current ver-
sions, but instabilities due to rapid feature inclusion prevented us from considering
OpenStack production-ready for our enterprise environment. But although I was not
ready to put my neck on the line with OpenStack for the enterprise, research comput-
ing was another story. As part of a graduate independent study class, I documented
the use cases, architecture, and strategy around using OpenStack in research comput-
ing. In addition, I described the process and eventual adoption of the platform as a
private cloud for our enterprise.
I used figure 1 in my original academic report to represent the component-level dis-
tribution of OpenStack. I suspect cooking an elephant, much like eating one, must be
done a piece at a time. Far too often in technology, we accept technological isolation as
an organizationally sound practice—“I am a storage guy,” or “I am a network girl”—but
this is paramount to someone only eating one part of the elephant. In this book I’ve
Licensed to tracy moore <nordick.an@gmail.com>
PREFACExvi
tried to mix recognizable morsels with new concepts for easier digestion. Although you
might not want to taste elephant feet, you’d better know, at least in principle, how they
work if you are going to be successful in your adoption of cloud computing.
I’m writing this preface exactly two years to the day after I first spoke with a Man-
ning acquisitions editor. When I started this project, there were fewer than 500 Open-
Stack contributors, and now there are thousands. Not only has OpenStack become
one of the fastest-growing open source communities ever, it has been adopted by the
biggest organizations in the world. More importantly, at least for you, OpenStack is
now mature and ready to serve as a foundation for your organization’s private cloud.
Figure 1 This image is from a sixteenth-
century edition of Libro de Arte Coquinaria
(Book on the Art of Cookery) by Maestro
Martino.
Licensed to tracy moore <nordick.an@gmail.com>
xvii
acknowledgments
This book would have never existed without the encouragement of my doctoral advi-
sor and friend, Professor Victor W. Marek. The pushing was always welcome, the confi-
dence was always needed, and the responsibility is mine to pay forward.
I would never have imagined the effort that it takes to produce a book if I hadn’t
experienced it myself. Whether or not this effort produced the desired result will be
decided by my readers, but there should be no doubt that an army of reviewers, edi-
tors, and other contributors spent many hours in the pursuit of a high-quality book.
Having contributed to and reviewed other books from other publishers as I wrote this
book, I can honestly say that Manning does everything they can to produce the very
best work possible. I especially want to thank Susan Conant, my development editor
for most of this book, for her tireless work, continually pushing for improvements.
Thanks also to publisher Marjan Bace and everyone on the editorial and production
teams, including Mary Piergies, Cynthia Kane, Andy Carroll, Katie Tennant, and many
others who worked behind the scenes. Finally, I want to thank the following individu-
als, who read drafts of this book and provided suggestions: Andy Kirsch, Chris Snow,
Fernando Rodrigues, Hafizur Rahman, Jeff Lim, Kosmas Chatzimichalis, Matt Hart-
ing, Mayur Patil, Michael Hamrah, Peeyush Maharshi, and Toby Lazar.
Special thanks go to you, Sarah, my wife, who between caring for our two small
children and supporting my work travel, graduate work, this book, and other work,
took on far more than your share. Although the papers, presentations, and books
have my first name on them, they will also always carry the name we share. Sarah, Syd-
ney, and Jack, I’m sorry for the lost time and energy. I hope you can be as proud of me
as I am of you. I love you all.
Licensed to tracy moore <nordick.an@gmail.com>
xviii
about this book
The primary topic of this book is deploying enterprise private clouds using Open-
Stack. In this context, I discuss private clouds as pools of infrastructure resources, or
infrastructure as a service (IaaS), that are owned and managed by the organizations they
serve. In contrast, public cloud IaaS resources are owned and operated by third-party
service providers.
Financially, one can think of private clouds as primarily a capital expense, whereas
public clouds are typically operational ones. The distinction is easy to understand,
given that in private cloud deployments, organizations typically purchase or lease a
fixed infrastructure for the duration of its serviceable life, regardless of actual usage.
In public cloud deployments, cost is typically directly related to hourly occupancy (on
or off) and communication costs.
The organizational adoption of private and public clouds is often related to the
size and scope of those organizations’
IT responsibilities. Enterprise IT departments,
whose responsibility it is to centrally provide technical architectures and resources for
the rest of the organization, have a vested interest in using a private cloud. A multi-
tenant, fully orchestrated, private cloud provides great resource-management effi-
ciency to enterprise
IT. In this regard, enterprise IT becomes a cloud broker. In
contrast, departmental
IT units often lack the data center facilities and personnel to
cost-effectively deploy private clouds. Often, due to their relatively small resource
requirements, departments can take advantage of public cloud resources. If they’re
available, departments can also take advantage of private cloud resources managed by
their enterprise
IT units. Using both private and public clouds based on workload
results in a hybrid cloud.
Licensed to tracy moore <nordick.an@gmail.com>
ABOUT THIS BOOK xix
Despite the differences in clouds and the types of organizations that are best posi-
tioned to take advantage of them, the clouds themselves can be built using the same
technologies. Although the ingredients that make up cloud resources might be the
same, the recipes and methods of consumption can be very different.
OpenStack is a powerful framework for constructing both private and public
clouds. Fundamentally, OpenStack abstracts and provides a common
API for the hard-
ware and software used in building clouds. The framework provides two very impor-
tant things:
Abstraction of hardware and software resources, which prevents vendor lock-in
of any particular component
A common API across resources, which allows for complete orchestration of
connected components
The first aspect is nice from a financial perspective, but the second is the key to a mod-
ern IT transformation. For enterprise
IT, OpenStack brings the same level of transfor-
mational efficiency to cloud deployment.
Why OpenStack in Action?
This book is intended as a step-by-step, bottom-up guide for constructing computa-
tional clouds of resources. My intended audience includes researchers, administra-
tors, and students interested in the deployment of an OpenStack environment. There
are no technical prerequisites beyond a basic operational knowledge of Linux, and
the material is suited to people with very different backgrounds and technical abili-
ties. Similarly, OpenStack is suited for many use cases.
Despite separate use cases utilizing the same OpenStack framework, the require-
ments and design of private clouds can vary greatly from those of service providers.
Enterprises are interested in providing private resource clouds for their organizations.
These private clouds don’t just represent additional services; they can represent a
transformation in the way organizations provide computational resources.
This book comprises
An introduction to OpenStack through the automated deployment of a single-
node development environment
A deeper understanding of OpenStack through a step-by-step manual deploy-
ment of a multi-node environment
The impacts of private cloud technologies (OpenStack, Ceph, Juju, and the
like) from the perspective of
IT operations
The deployment of a production OpenStack environment using vendor-
provided automated deployment and management tools
The architecture covered in the book is appropriate for small (5-node) to large enter-
prise (100-node) private cloud deployments. In addition, chapter 12 walks you
through the use of application orchestration tools like OpenStack Heat and Ubuntu
Juju on your newly constructed private cloud.
Licensed to tracy moore <nordick.an@gmail.com>
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