Spring框架4.3.2参考指南：核心、AOP、DAO、ORM、Web及MVC

IOC，MVC

，JMS

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"Spring4.3.2参考文档（英文）" Spring框架是Java开发中广泛使用的轻量级框架，它提供了多种核心功能和模块来帮助开发者构建高效、可维护的软件应用。以下是对标题和描述中提及的知识点的详细解释： 1. **核心容器(Core Container)** - **BeanFactory**：这是Spring框架的基础，它实现了工厂模式，负责创建、管理和维护应用中的对象。BeanFactory使用控制反转（IOC）来解耦应用的配置和业务逻辑，使得对象之间的依赖关系由容器负责管理。 2. **Spring上下文(Spring Context)** - **应用程序上下文**：Spring Context作为核心容器的扩展，它提供了一个容器，用于存储和管理Bean，同时包含企业服务如JNDI、EJB、电子邮件、国际化、校验和调度等功能。它可以看作是一个全局的服务提供者。 3. **Spring AOP(面向切面编程)** - **AOP集成**：Spring AOP模块允许开发者在不改变原有代码的情况下，添加横切关注点，如日志、事务管理等。这使得事务管理等服务可以被声明式地应用于任何Spring管理的对象，无需直接依赖EJB组件。 4. **Spring DAO(JDBC数据访问对象)** - **DAO抽象层**：Spring提供了针对JDBC的DAO抽象层，它提供了一套统一的异常处理机制，简化了数据库操作中的异常处理，同时也减少了与数据库供应商相关的错误处理代码。 5. **Spring ORM(对象关系映射)** - **ORM集成**：Spring支持多种ORM框架（如JDO、Hibernate、iBatis SQL Map），提供了通用的事务管理和DAO异常层次结构，使得开发者可以方便地将ORM框架集成到Spring应用中。 6. **Spring Web模块** - **Web上下文**：此模块建立在应用程序上下文之上，专为Web应用程序设计，支持与Jakarta Struts等Web框架的集成，简化了多部分请求处理和请求参数绑定。 7. **Spring MVC框架** - **Model-View-Controller**：Spring MVC是Spring提供的一个全面的MVC实现，具有高度可配置性，支持多种视图技术如JSP、Velocity、Tiles等。通过策略接口，MVC框架可以容纳各种视图技术，并简化了Web应用的开发。 8. **JMS（Java消息服务）** - **消息传递**：虽然在描述中没有直接提及，但标签中包含了JMS，这表明Spring支持JMS，可以用来实现异步通信和解耦应用组件，提供可靠的消息传递服务。 Spring框架的设计理念是模块化，这使得开发者可以根据需求选择使用哪些模块，避免引入不必要的复杂性。其强大的功能和灵活性使得它成为了Java开发中的首选框架之一。通过阅读Spring4.3.2的参考文档，开发者可以深入了解每个模块的功能，更好地利用Spring来构建复杂的企业级应用。

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Spring Framework Reference Documentation

4.3.2.RELEASE Spring Framework xvi

21.6. Castor ........................................................................................................... 467

CastorMarshaller ............................................................................................ 467

Mapping ......................................................................................................... 468

XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 468

21.7. XMLBeans ..................................................................................................... 469

XmlBeansMarshaller ....................................................................................... 469

XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 469

21.8. JiBX .............................................................................................................. 469

JibxMarshaller ................................................................................................ 470

XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 470

21.9. XStream ........................................................................................................ 470

XStreamMarshaller ......................................................................................... 470

VI. The Web .......................................................................................................................... 472

22. Web MVC framework ................................................................................................ 473

22.1. Introduction to Spring Web MVC framework .................................................... 473

Features of Spring Web MVC ......................................................................... 473

Pluggability of other MVC implementations ...................................................... 475

22.2. The DispatcherServlet .................................................................................... 475

Special Bean Types In the WebApplicationContext ........................................... 479

Default DispatcherServlet Configuration ........................................................... 480

DispatcherServlet Processing Sequence .......................................................... 480

22.3. Implementing Controllers ................................................................................ 482

Defining a controller with @Controller .............................................................. 482

Mapping Requests With @RequestMapping ..................................................... 483

Composed @RequestMapping Variants ................................................... 484

@Controller and AOP Proxying ............................................................... 485

New Support Classes for @RequestMapping methods in Spring MVC 3.1 .. 485

URI Template Patterns ........................................................................... 486

URI Template Patterns with Regular Expressions ..................................... 487

Path Patterns ......................................................................................... 487

Path Pattern Comparison ........................................................................ 488

Path Patterns with Placeholders .............................................................. 488

Suffix Pattern Matching ........................................................................... 488

Suffix Pattern Matching and RFD ............................................................ 488

Matrix Variables ...................................................................................... 489

Consumable Media Types ....................................................................... 491

Producible Media Types .......................................................................... 491

Request Parameters and Header Values ................................................. 492

HTTP HEAD and HTTP OPTIONS .......................................................... 492

Defining @RequestMapping handler methods .................................................. 493

Supported method argument types .......................................................... 493

Supported method return types ............................................................... 495

Binding request parameters to method parameters with @RequestParam ... 496

Mapping the request body with the @RequestBody annotation .................. 497

Mapping the response body with the @ResponseBody annotation ............. 498

Creating REST Controllers with the @RestController annotation ................ 499

Using HttpEntity ...................................................................................... 499

Using @ModelAttribute on a method ....................................................... 499

Using @ModelAttribute on a method argument ......................................... 500

Spring Framework Reference Documentation

4.3.2.RELEASE Spring Framework xvii

Using @SessionAttributes to store model attributes in the HTTP session

between requests ................................................................................... 502

Using @SessionAttribute to access pre-existing global session attributes .... 503

Using @RequestAttribute to access request attributes .............................. 503

Working with "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" data ............................ 503

Mapping cookie values with the @CookieValue annotation ........................ 504

Mapping request header attributes with the @RequestHeader annotation ... 504

Method Parameters And Type Conversion ............................................... 505

Customizing WebDataBinder initialization ................................................. 505

Advising controllers with @ControllerAdvice and @RestControllerAdvice .... 506

Jackson Serialization View Support ......................................................... 507

Jackson JSONP Support ........................................................................ 508

Asynchronous Request Processing .................................................................. 509

Exception Handling for Async Requests ................................................... 510

Intercepting Async Requests ................................................................... 511

HTTP Streaming ..................................................................................... 511

HTTP Streaming With Server-Sent Events ............................................... 511

HTTP Streaming Directly To The OutputStream ....................................... 512

Configuring Asynchronous Request Processing ........................................ 512

Testing Controllers ......................................................................................... 513

22.4. Handler mappings .......................................................................................... 513

Intercepting requests with a HandlerInterceptor ................................................ 514

22.5. Resolving views ............................................................................................. 516

Resolving views with the ViewResolver interface .............................................. 516

Chaining ViewResolvers ................................................................................. 518

Redirecting to Views ....................................................................................... 518

RedirectView .......................................................................................... 519

The redirect: prefix ................................................................................. 520

The forward: prefix ................................................................................. 520

ContentNegotiatingViewResolver ..................................................................... 520

22.6. Using flash attributes ..................................................................................... 522

22.7. Building URIs ................................................................................................. 523

Building URIs to Controllers and methods ........................................................ 524

Building URIs to Controllers and methods from views ....................................... 525

22.8. Using locales ................................................................................................. 526

Obtaining Time Zone Information .................................................................... 526

AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver .......................................................................... 526

CookieLocaleResolver ..................................................................................... 526

SessionLocaleResolver ................................................................................... 527

LocaleChangeInterceptor ................................................................................ 527

22.9. Using themes ................................................................................................ 527

Overview of themes ........................................................................................ 527

Defining themes ............................................................................................. 528

Theme resolvers ............................................................................................. 528

22.10. Spring’s multipart (file upload) support ........................................................... 529

Introduction .................................................................................................... 529

Using a MultipartResolver with Commons FileUpload ........................................ 529

Using a MultipartResolver with Servlet 3.0 ....................................................... 529

Handling a file upload in a form ...................................................................... 530

Handling a file upload request from programmatic clients .................................. 531

Spring Framework Reference Documentation

4.3.2.RELEASE Spring Framework xviii

22.11. Handling exceptions ..................................................................................... 532

HandlerExceptionResolver .............................................................................. 532

@ExceptionHandler ........................................................................................ 532

Handling Standard Spring MVC Exceptions ...................................................... 533

Annotating Business Exceptions With @ResponseStatus .................................. 534

Customizing the Default Servlet Container Error Page ...................................... 534

22.12. Web Security ............................................................................................... 535

22.13. Convention over configuration support ........................................................... 535

The Controller ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping ........................................ 535

The Model ModelMap (ModelAndView) ............................................................ 536

The View - RequestToViewNameTranslator ..................................................... 537

22.14. HTTP caching support .................................................................................. 538

Cache-Control HTTP header ........................................................................... 539

HTTP caching support for static resources ....................................................... 539

Support for the Cache-Control, ETag and Last-Modified response headers in

Controllers ...................................................................................................... 540

Shallow ETag support ..................................................................................... 541

22.15. Code-based Servlet container initialization ..................................................... 542

22.16. Configuring Spring MVC ............................................................................... 543

Enabling the MVC Java Config or the MVC XML Namespace ............................ 544

Customizing the Provided Configuration ........................................................... 545

Conversion and Formatting ............................................................................. 546

Validation ....................................................................................................... 547

Interceptors .................................................................................................... 548

Content Negotiation ........................................................................................ 549

View Controllers ............................................................................................. 550

View Resolvers .............................................................................................. 550

Serving of Resources ..................................................................................... 551

Falling Back On the "Default" Servlet To Serve Resources ................................ 554

Path Matching ................................................................................................ 555

Message Converters ....................................................................................... 556

Advanced Customizations with MVC Java Config ............................................. 557

Advanced Customizations with the MVC Namespace ........................................ 558

23. View technologies ..................................................................................................... 559

23.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 559

23.2. Thymeleaf ..................................................................................................... 559

23.3. Groovy Markup Templates .............................................................................. 559

Configuration .................................................................................................. 559

Example ......................................................................................................... 560

23.4. Velocity & FreeMarker .................................................................................... 560

Dependencies ................................................................................................ 560

Context configuration ...................................................................................... 560

Creating templates ......................................................................................... 561

Advanced configuration ................................................................................... 561

velocity.properties ................................................................................... 561

FreeMarker ............................................................................................. 562

Bind support and form handling ....................................................................... 562

The bind macros .................................................................................... 562

Simple binding ........................................................................................ 563

Form input generation macros ................................................................. 563

Spring Framework Reference Documentation

4.3.2.RELEASE Spring Framework xix

HTML escaping and XHTML compliance ................................................. 567

23.5. JSP & JSTL .................................................................................................. 567

View resolvers ................................................................................................ 568

'Plain-old' JSPs versus JSTL ........................................................................... 568

Additional tags facilitating development ............................................................ 568

Using Spring’s form tag library ........................................................................ 568

Configuration .......................................................................................... 569

The form tag .......................................................................................... 569

The input tag .......................................................................................... 570

The checkbox tag ................................................................................... 570

The checkboxes tag ............................................................................... 572

The radiobutton tag ................................................................................ 573

The radiobuttons tag ............................................................................... 573

The password tag ................................................................................... 573

The select tag ........................................................................................ 573

The option tag ........................................................................................ 574

The options tag ...................................................................................... 574

The textarea tag ..................................................................................... 575

The hidden tag ....................................................................................... 575

The errors tag ........................................................................................ 575

HTTP Method Conversion ....................................................................... 577

HTML5 Tags .......................................................................................... 578

23.6. Script templates ............................................................................................. 578

Dependencies ................................................................................................ 579

How to integrate script based templating .......................................................... 579

23.7. XML Marshalling View .................................................................................... 581

23.8. Tiles .............................................................................................................. 581

Dependencies ................................................................................................ 581

How to integrate Tiles ..................................................................................... 581

UrlBasedViewResolver ............................................................................ 582

ResourceBundleViewResolver ................................................................. 582

SimpleSpringPreparerFactory and SpringBeanPreparerFactory ................. 583

23.9. XSLT ............................................................................................................. 583

My First Words ............................................................................................... 584

Bean definitions ...................................................................................... 584

Standard MVC controller code ................................................................. 584

Document transformation ........................................................................ 585

23.10. Document views (PDF/Excel) ........................................................................ 585

Introduction .................................................................................................... 585

Configuration and setup .................................................................................. 586

Document view definitions ....................................................................... 586

Controller code ....................................................................................... 586

Subclassing for Excel views .................................................................... 586

Subclassing for PDF views ..................................................................... 588

23.11. JasperReports .............................................................................................. 588

Dependencies ................................................................................................ 588

Configuration .................................................................................................. 588

Configuring the ViewResolver .................................................................. 589

Configuring the Views ............................................................................. 589

About Report Files .................................................................................. 589

Spring Framework Reference Documentation

4.3.2.RELEASE Spring Framework xx

Using JasperReportsMultiFormatView ...................................................... 589

Populating the ModelAndView ......................................................................... 590

Working with Sub-Reports ............................................................................... 591

Configuring Sub-Report Files .................................................................. 591

Configuring Sub-Report Data Sources ..................................................... 592

Configuring Exporter Parameters ..................................................................... 592

23.12. Feed Views ................................................................................................. 593

23.13. JSON Mapping View .................................................................................... 593

23.14. XML Mapping View ...................................................................................... 594

24. Integrating with other web frameworks ....................................................................... 595

24.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 595

24.2. Common configuration ................................................................................... 596

24.3. JavaServer Faces 1.2 .................................................................................... 597

SpringBeanFacesELResolver (JSF 1.2+) ......................................................... 597

FacesContextUtils ........................................................................................... 597

24.4. Apache Struts 2.x .......................................................................................... 597

24.5. Tapestry 5.x .................................................................................................. 598

24.6. Further Resources ......................................................................................... 598

25. Portlet MVC Framework ............................................................................................ 599

25.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 599

Controllers - The C in MVC ............................................................................ 600

Views - The V in MVC .................................................................................... 600

Web-scoped beans ......................................................................................... 600

25.2. The DispatcherPortlet ..................................................................................... 600

25.3. The ViewRendererServlet ............................................................................... 602

25.4. Controllers ..................................................................................................... 603

AbstractController and PortletContentGenerator ............................................... 604

Other simple controllers .................................................................................. 605

Command Controllers ..................................................................................... 605

PortletWrappingController ................................................................................ 606

25.5. Handler mappings .......................................................................................... 606

PortletModeHandlerMapping ............................................................................ 607

ParameterHandlerMapping .............................................................................. 607

PortletModeParameterHandlerMapping ............................................................ 608

Adding HandlerInterceptors ............................................................................. 608

HandlerInterceptorAdapter ............................................................................... 609

ParameterMappingInterceptor .......................................................................... 609

25.6. Views and resolving them .............................................................................. 609

25.7. Multipart (file upload) support ......................................................................... 609

Using the PortletMultipartResolver ................................................................... 610

Handling a file upload in a form ...................................................................... 610

25.8. Handling exceptions ....................................................................................... 614

25.9. Annotation-based controller configuration ........................................................ 614

Setting up the dispatcher for annotation support ............................................... 614

Defining a controller with @Controller .............................................................. 615

Mapping requests with @RequestMapping ....................................................... 615

Supported handler method arguments ............................................................. 617

Binding request parameters to method parameters with @RequestParam .......... 619

Providing a link to data from the model with @ModelAttribute ............................ 619

Specifying attributes to store in a Session with @SessionAttributes .................... 620

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