Java编程指南：探索Web服务

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"Introduction to Web Services with Java - 2013版" 本书是关于使用Java进行Web服务开发的入门教程，作者为Kiet T. Tran博士。内容涵盖Web服务的基础概念、SOAP协议、WSDL（Web服务描述语言）以及一个实际的Web服务应用示例。 1. **Web服务简介** - **浏览互联网**：Web服务是互联网技术的一个关键组成部分，允许应用程序通过网络互相通信。 - **Web服务架构**：Web服务基于标准的架构，包括请求-响应模式，使得不同系统间的数据交换成为可能。 - **Web服务的优势**：主要优点包括跨平台兼容性、互操作性和可重用性。 - **编写Hello World Web服务**：介绍了创建基本Web服务的步骤，作为学习起点。 - **部署Web服务**：讲解如何在服务器上托管Web服务。 - **验证Web服务**：通过检查服务是否可用和正确配置来确保其功能。 - **使用SOAPUI测试Web服务**：SOAPUI是一款工具，用于测试和调试Web服务。 - **创建Web服务客户端**：说明如何创建调用Web服务的客户端应用程序。 - **运行Web服务客户端**：指导读者如何执行客户端并与其部署的Web服务进行交互。 2. **SOAP（简单对象访问协议）** - **SOAP消息示例**：展示SOAP消息的结构，包括Envelope、Header和Body元素。 - **SOAP与HTTP映射**：解释如何在HTTP协议上封装和传递SOAP消息。 - **SAAJ客户端**：介绍Java API for SOAP，即SAAJ，用于构建和处理SOAP消息的库。 3. **WebService Description Language (WSDL)** - **WSDL结构**：深入解析WSDL文档的组成部分，如定义服务接口和服务实现。 - **WSDL接口**：描述服务提供的操作和消息交换模式。 - **WSDL实现**：详细说明如何定义服务的实际实现，包括端点和绑定。 4. **一个Web服务应用示例** - **示例应用**：提供一个具体的Web服务应用场景，帮助读者将理论知识应用于实践中。 - **开发Web服务**：逐步指导创建一个完整的Web服务，包括设计接口、实现逻辑和编写WSDL。这本书是Java开发者了解和掌握Web服务技术的良好起点，内容详实，既适合初学者也适合有一定经验的开发者回顾基础知识。通过实例和练习，读者可以深化对Web服务原理和实践的理解，并具备开发自己Web服务的能力。

Introduction to Web Services with Java

Introduction

Nowadays, n-tier Web application architecture is commonly used. In this architecture, middleware or

an application server is introduced to connect the Web server and the database more eciently. e

performance of an n-tier application is improved because Web servers, middleware and databases can

be hosted by separate machines. Each tier can be replicated for the purposes of load balancing. Security

is also improved because data is not stored on the Web or application server, which makes it harder for

hackers to gain access into the database where data is stored.

Figure 1-3 An n-tier web architecture

A web and an application servers are oen run on the same machine; however, it is best practice to run

the database server on a separate machine. In a soware development environment, all three servers can

be hosted on a single machine. In this book, a server is oen refered to a soware application.

Introduction to Web Services with Java

Introduction

1.2 Web Service architecture

A service can be one of the three types of interaction: man-to-man, man-to-machine, or machine-to-

machine. A restaurant service is an example of man-to-man interaction. A person withdrawing money

from an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is an example of man-to-machine interaction. Machine-to-

machine interaction is exemplied by a handheld device, such as a smart device (e.g., a phone or a tablet),

synchronizing its address book with Microso Outlook. A Web Service is a type of machine-to-machine

interaction that uses specic Web standards and technology. A Web Service is a set of programming

interfaces, not a set of webpages.

is section begins with a basic denition of a Web Service in order to establish a basic understanding

for use in later chapters. More complex aspects of Web Services will be easier to understand when the

basic concept of a Web Service is properly explained.

According to W3C website, http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-desc-reqs:

A Web Service is a soware application identied by a URI whose interfaces and binding are

capable of being dened, described and discovered by XML artifacts and [that] supports direct

interactions with other soware applications using XML based messages via Internet-based

protocols.

A Web Service must involve a Web-based protocol, such as HTTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

(SMTP). Other transport protocols may be used, but HTTP is the most common one being used. HTTPS

uses Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Transport Secure Layer (TLS) for secured transport of data. In regard

to soware development concerns, the dierence between HTTP and HTTPS is trivial. HTTP, thus, is

used throughout this text.

A Web Service is a soware application that requires interaction with another application. WS is a

soware integration technique for a B2B type of integration. Here, one application acts as a service

provider (server) and the others act as service consumers (clients). is is a many-to-one relationship.

‘Interface’ is dened as “[e] point of interaction or communication between a computer and any other

entity” (http://www.thefreedictionary.com). An interface can also be described as an “abstraction of a

service that only denes the operations supported by the service (publicly accessible variable, procedures,

or methods), but not their implementation” (Szyperski, 2002). For example, in Java, an interface can be

dened and then implemented by a concrete class.

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