从零开始学习Python 3 实战

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"Learn More Python 3 the Hard Way" 《Learn More Python 3 the Hard Way》是Zed Shaw的硬方式系列书籍之一，专门为Python初学者设计，帮助那些没有任何编程经验的人开始学习编程。这本书强调实践和通过制作实际项目来学习，这是入门计算机科学领域许多话题的最佳途径。书中的每个练习都是短小且易于理解的，引导读者逐步掌握Python基础，并为阅读其他Python相关书籍打下基础。作者Zed Shaw在书中融入了一些幽默和内部笑话，使得学习过程更加愉快。同时，配套的视频教程会逐步讲解每个练习中的代码，确保读者能够清晰地看到代码的实现过程。所有的练习都经过了严格的测试，以确保它们在真实的教学环境中也能顺利运行，从而提高学习的成功率。本书的目标是将读者从完全的编程新手带入能够编写和理解基本Python代码的阶段。它适合那些一直想学习编程但不知从何开始的人。通过这本书，你可以： 1. 学习Python 3的基础语法：包括变量、数据类型、控制流（如if语句、循环）、函数定义和调用等。 2. 掌握面向对象编程概念：了解类和对象，以及如何使用继承和多态性。 3. 实践文件操作：学习如何读取和写入文件，理解文件处理的基本原理。 4. 错误和异常处理：学会如何使用try/except块来处理程序中的错误和异常。 5. 模块和包的使用：了解如何导入和使用Python的内置模块，以及创建和组织自己的代码库。 6. 调试技巧：学习如何使用调试工具找出代码中的错误。 7. 练习编写可读性强的代码：遵循PEP 8编码规范，提升代码质量。通过一系列精心设计的练习，你将逐步建立起对Python编程的扎实基础。此外，这本书的互动性和实用性使得学习过程更具挑战性，有助于培养解决问题的能力和独立思考的习惯。连接到informit.com/hardway可以找到更多关于Zed Shaw硬方式系列的出版物，同时在informit.com/socialconnect可以关注作者和社区，获取更多的学习资源和支持。《Learn More Python 3 the Hard Way》是一本适合Python初学者的实用教程，它通过实践和挑战，帮助你快速掌握Python编程，并为后续深入学习和开发奠定坚实基础。

“Shaw_preface” — 2017/7/28 — 17:01 — page xv — #2

PREFACE xv

5. Data Modeling: I use SQL to teach you the basics of modeling stored data in a logical way.

6. Unix Tools: Command line tools are used throughout the book as projects for you to copy, and

you then also learn advanced Unix command line tools.

At each part of the book you’ll focus on one or two of the three practices at a time until ﬁnally, in Part VII,

you’ll apply them all as you build a simple website. The ﬁnal projects aren’t sexy. You won’t learn how

to create your next startup, but they are nice little projects that will help you apply what you know while

learning Django.

It’s All Personal

Many other books are designed to teach you these three concepts in the context of a team. When these

books teach you about process it’s all about how you work with another person on a project to maintain

code. When they teach creativity it’s all about how you go to meetings with your team to ask customers

questions. Sadly most of these “professional” books don’t really teach quality. This is all ﬁne, but there’s

two problems with these team-style books for most beginners:

1. You don’t have a team, so you can’t practice what they’re teaching. The team-oriented books

are designed for junior programmers who already have jobs and need to work on the team

they just joined. Until that happens to you, any team-oriented book is fairly useless to you.

2. What’s the point of learning how to work on a team if your own personal process, creativity,

and quality is a total mess? Despite what the fans of “team players” say, the vast majority of

programming tasks are done solo, and your evaluation of your skills is usually done solo. If

you work on a team, but your code is always low quality and you constantly have to ask team

members for help, you get a low review from your boss. For all their talk of how awesome teams

are, they never blame the team when a junior programmer can’t work alone. They blame the

junior programmer.

This book is not about being a good worker drone at Mega Enterprise, LLC. This book is about helping

you improve your personal skills so that when you get a job you can work alone. If you improve your

personal process then it makes sense that you’ll be a stronger contributor on a team. It also means you

can start and develop your own ideas, which is where the vast majority of projects start.

Using the Included Videos

Learn More Python 3 the Hard Way has an extensive set of videos demonstrating how the code works,

debugging, and, most importantly, solutions to the challenges. The videos are the perfect place to

demonstrate many common errors by breaking the Python code on purpose and showing you how to

ﬁx it. I also walk through the code using debugging and interrogation tricks and techniques. The videos

“Shaw_Part01” — 2017/7/15 — 13:11 — page 2 — #1

PART I

Initial Knowledge

he very ﬁrst thing you need to learn is everything. I know that’s intimidating, but as I mentioned in

the preface, you are going to practice only three skills for the entire book. Each exercise is going

to enforce each of the skills as you complete other tasks. I may tell you to “make a copy of the cat

command,” but what you are really learning is how to be creative. I may tell you to “create a linked

list data structure,” but what you’re really doing is applying structured code review processes to your

programming practice. The secret of this book is that you are only using the projects and exercises as a

vehicle to learn three important practices: process, creativity, and quality.

Ideally there’s nothing magical about these three concepts. Process is simply the steps you use to create

something. Creativity is simply how you generate and implement ideas. Quality is simply how you make

sure those implementations aren’t junk. The meat is in the application. How do you apply a process to

your personal development skills? How do you analyze whether you’ve been building quality software or

not? How do you take an idea and turn it into reality? All three of these are interconnected as you need

a process to help you get creative and then a process for ensuring quality, which also requires being

creative since no process works all the time. It’s a vicious, beautiful cycle.

The process for completing this book is simply this:

1. I will give you a goal of working on process, creativity, or quality for a part of the book. Usually

it will be two concepts at a time; sometimes just one. For example, in Part II you are working on

creativity by hacking on simple tools in a 45-minute fast session. You are also analyzing your

starting process since, if you ﬁnd it diﬃcult to start, you won’t be very creative.

2. The beginning of each exercise will give you a prompt or goal to think about while you work

on the exercise. Each of these prompts will ask you to focus on one or more aspects of what

you’re working on. Exercise 4 in Part II gives you the task of simply implementing something,

and then in Exercise 5 you start to list the things that blocked you and try to eliminate them or

make them more eﬃcient. Other exercises ask you to look at your physical environment and

ﬁx anything distracting. For each exercise you’ll think about these prompts and then work on

the exercise, attempting to focus on that particular task.

“Shaw_Part01” — 2017/7/15 — 13:11 — page 3 — #2

INITIAL KNOWLEDGE 3

3. At the end of each exercise there are Study Drills that give you more challenges to work on.

They might be related to the project or they might be more about the process, creativity, or

quality issue you’re dealing with in the exercise.

4. Some exercises are in “challenge mode.” That means you are given a description of a tool to

implement, usually based on an existing Unix tool, and then told to implement it but without any

code to look at. There may be small pieces of sample code you’ll need to study ﬁrst, but usually

there is no Python in these challenges. The solutions are available online in a Git project at

http://bit.ly/lmpthwsolve on Github.

5. Other exercises will be educational descriptions of something you have to implement based on

my code. These exercises will explain something, such as an algorithm, and then you are to

implement them as exactly as possible and ﬁnd any bugs you can. Typically these exercises

will focus on quality, since you’ll be asked to write automated tests, track your error rates, and

ﬁnd solutions to additional problems in the Study Drills.

6. Finally, you’ll use a Lab Journal to take notes and keep track of metrics you can use to improve

how you work. I am very explicit about treating this as a journal, meaning a very private personal

account of your improvement that you should not share with anyone—especially nobody who

is a manager at your company. This kind of information can be used to take advantage of you

as a worker, so guard it carefully.

Your goal when going through this book is not just to whip up a few copies of some Unix tools. Your goal

is to use these small Unix tool projects to focus on aspects of your ability to work on larger projects.

What If I Hate Your Stupid Personal Process Zed?

That’s completely alright. This book is meant to be something that helps you grow and improve, so

if you are not quite ready to analyze how you work then save that for later. You can simply do all of

the challenges in your own way and your own time, then come back and attempt the projects with the

constraints on your process. Every exercise stands on its own and the personal development portions

apply to almost anything you work on. Do what you can and come back when you need to work on how

you work.

What If I Find Out I’m Terrible?

That is a very real possibility, but my method works to help you know why you are terrible and what to

do in order to ﬁx it. Then it’s just a matter of working on it until you start getting better. Keep your journal

private, and nobody will know just how terrible you are. Then when you’re done you’ll know exactly where

you stand and what you need to work on. No more guessing at whether you’re a fraud or can really do

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