ZigBee：低功耗无线传感器网络技术解析

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ZigBee是一种专为低功耗传感器网络设计的无线通信技术，它的出现旨在解决传统无线传感器在实际应用中的几个关键问题。本文译文标题《ZigBee：无线技术，低功耗传感器网络》源于一篇名为《ZigBee: Wireless Technology for Low-Power Sensor Networks》的专业文章，该文章最初发表于网站<http://www.xjx.cc/xinxiangmu/computer/cn>。无线传感器网络在诸如家庭安全系统中具有巨大的潜力，由于它们安装便捷，无需复杂的布线工作。在工业环境中，由于安装传感器时大约80%的成本都与布线相关，无线传感器同样具有显著优势。然而，传统的无线传感器往往功耗较高，这导致电池需求大或更换频率高，这在某些场景下显然是不可接受的。此外，人们对通过无线方式传输的传感器数据可靠性有所疑虑，这也限制了无线传感器的吸引力。 ZigBee技术的引入正是为了改变这一现状。它专注于低功耗设计，极大地降低了传感器设备的能耗，使得它们能够使用小型、长寿命的电池，并且显著减少了维护成本。ZigBee采用了星型网络拓扑结构，可以有效地管理多个节点之间的通信，确保数据传输的可靠性和稳定性。这种技术允许传感器在网络中保持连接，同时在节能模式下工作，只有在接收到重要指令或数据交换时才会唤醒。 ZigBee还支持多种通信标准，如IEEE 802.15.4，确保了兼容性和互操作性。它被广泛应用于智能家居、智能建筑、物联网(IoT)设备以及环境监控等领域，比如自动灌溉系统、远程医疗设备和智能家居设备中的温度、湿度和光照控制等。 ZigBee作为一项创新的无线通信技术，通过优化能源利用、增强数据可靠性并简化部署，正逐渐改变人们对无线传感器网络的看法，使之成为现代智能系统中不可或缺的一部分。随着技术的发展，我们期待ZigBee在未来将带来更多的可能性和效率提升。

ZigBee: Wireless Technology for Low-Power Sensor Networks

Technologists have never had trouble coming up with potential applications for

wireless sensors. In a home security system, for example, wireless sensors would be

much easier to install than sensors that need wiring. The same is true in industrial

environments, where wiring typically accounts for 80% of the cost of sensor

installations. And then there are applications for sensors where wiring isn't practical or

even possible.

The problem, though, is that most wireless sensors use too much power, which

means that their batteries either have to be very large or get changed far too often. Add

to that some skepticism about the reliability of sensor data that's sent through the air,

and wireless sensors simply haven't looked very appealing.

A low-power wireless technology called ZigBee is rewriting the wireless sensor

equation, however. A secure network technology that rides on top of the recently

ratified IEEE 802.15.4 radio standard , ZigBee promises to put wireless sensors in

everything from factory automation systems to home security systems to consumer

electronics. In conjunction with 802.15.4, ZigBee offers battery life of up to several

years for common small batteries. ZigBee devices are also expected to be cheap,

eventually selling for less than $3 per node by some estimates. With prices that low,

they should be a natural fit even in household products like wireless light switches,

wireless thermostats, and smoke detectors.

Although no formal specification for ZigBee yet exists (approval by the ZigBee

Alliance, a trade group, should come late this year), the outlook for ZigBee appears

bright. Technology research firm In-Stat/MDR, in what it calls a "cautious aggressive"

forecast, predicts that sales of 802.15.4 nodes and chipsets will increase from essentially

zero today to 165 million units by 2010. Not all of these units will be coupled with

ZigBee, but most probably will be. Research firm ON World predicts shipments of 465

million wireless sensor RF modules by 2010, with 77% of them being ZigBee-related.

In a sense, ZigBee's bright future is largely due to its low data rates—20 kbps to

250 kbps, depending on the frequency band used —compared to a nominal 1 Mbps for

Bluetooth and 54 Mbps for Wi-Fi's 802.11g technology. But ZigBee won't be sending

email and large documents, as Wi-Fi does, or documents and audio, as Bluetooth does.

For sending sensor readings, which are typically a few tens of bytes, high bandwidth

isn't necessary, and ZigBee's low bandwidth helps it fulfill its goals of low power, low

cost, and robustness.

Because of ZigBee applications' low bandwidth requirements, a ZigBee node can

sleep most of the time, thus saving battery power, and then wake up, send data quickly,

and go back to sleep. And, because ZigBee can transition from sleep mode to active

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