Java面向对象学习笔记:从入门到实践

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Java学习笔记是一份全面且实用的指南,旨在帮助学习者从零开始掌握Java编程语言。该笔记聚焦于Java的面向对象编程特性,这是Java的核心概念之一。它强调了面向过程与面向对象的区别,前者基于函数和步骤,后者以对象为中心,注重类的定义和对象的交互。 面向对象编程(Object-Oriented Programming, OOP)的核心概念包括: 1. 对象:Java认为一切皆为对象,即万物都可以表示为具有属性(如学生的信息,如姓名、年龄等)和行为(如方法,如学生的学习、显示信息等)的实体。 2. 类与对象的关系:类是对象的模板或蓝图,定义了对象的共性特征。通过创建类的实例(对象),我们可以创建特定的实体。例如,`class Student`定义了一种学生对象的通用模式。 3. 封装:属性和方法的封装使得对象内部的实现细节对外部隐藏,只暴露必要的接口,这有助于维护代码的清晰性和安全性。 4. 继承与多态:继承允许创建子类继承父类的属性和方法,而多态则允许不同类的对象接收相同的消息,但执行不同的操作,增强了代码的灵活性。 5. 高内聚和低耦合:面向对象设计的一个重要原则是要保持类之间的关系尽可能简单,减少它们之间的依赖,提高模块间的独立性,便于复用和维护。 6. 方法的定义:Java方法包括参数和可能的返回值,区分清楚对象、实现者和调用者的角色,分析对象时通常从其方法入手。 7. 开发过程:面向对象编程鼓励复用,根据是否能复用对象决定是创建新类还是利用现有类。通过组合简单的对象和方法,可以构建复杂的功能。 8. 类的定义:Java中,使用关键字`class`定义类,类名首字母大写,遵循一定的命名规范。类中包含实例变量(静态初始化,用于存储状态)和局部变量(在方法中定义,生命周期短,需要显式初始化)。 9. 方法的书写格式:Java方法由访问修饰符、返回类型、方法名、参数列表和方法体组成,可能需要处理异常情况。 这份学习笔记是Java初学者和进阶者不可或缺的参考资料,无论是想快速学习Java,还是巩固已有知识,都能从中找到丰富的指导和支持。通过深入理解和实践这些核心概念,学习者将能够有效地应用Java进行软件开发。
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{22.17}struts2执行流程}{368}{section.22.17} {22.18}常用result类型}{370}{section.22.18} {22.18.1}Struts2验证码}{372}{subsection.22.18.1} {22.19}Json插件}{374}{section.22.19} {22.20}Struts2动态action用法}{376}{section.22.20} {22.21}reset}{376}{section.22.21} {22.22}注解action}{377}{section.22.22} {22.23}More tags}{377}{section.22.23} {22.23.1}form, checkbox}{377}{subsection.22.23.1} {22.23.2}checkboxlist}{377}{subsection.22.23.2} {22.23.3}radio}{378}{subsection.22.23.3} {22.23.4}select}{378}{subsection.22.23.4} {22.23.5}使用服务器数据显示列表}{378}{subsection.22.23.5} {22.24}interceptor}{379}{section.22.24} {22.24.1}interceptor-stack}{381}{subsection.22.24.1} {22.24.2}默认拦截器}{382}{subsection.22.24.2} {22.24.3}引用父类拦截器}{383}{subsection.22.24.3} {22.25}struts安全验证}{383}{section.22.25} {22.26}struts2上传}{384}{section.22.26} {22.27}struts2国际化}{385}{section.22.27} {23}当当网项目}{386}{chapter.23} {23.1}struts2常量}{389}{section.23.1} {23.2}java.util.UUID}{390}{section.23.2} {23.3}获取IP地址}{390}{section.23.3} {23.4}动态嵌入另一页面}{390}{section.23.4} {23.5}jQuery.validate}{392}{section.23.5} {23.6}JSP页面布尔值判断}{395}{section.23.6} {23.7}创建产品与图书的数据库表格}{395}{section.23.7} {23.8}使用SSH重构的问题}{395}{section.23.8} {24}Hibernate}{398}{chapter.24} {24.1}ORM}{398}{section.24.1} {24.2}使用Hibernate}{399}{section.24.2} {24.3}表格创建}{400}{section.24.3} {24.4}获取Session}{401}{section.24.4} {24.5}hibernate事务}{402}{section.24.5} {24.6}查询}{402}{section.24.6} {24.7}主键生成策略(generator)}{403}{section.24.7} {24.8}默认值}{404}{section.24.8} {24.9}hibernate bean对象的生命周期}{404}{section.24.9} {24.9.1}数据同步}{405}{subsection.24.9.1} {24.10}Hibernate类型}{406}{section.24.10} {24.11}Hibernate懒加载}{407}{section.24.11} {24.11.1}懒加载原理}{408}{subsection.24.11.1} {24.11.2}使用懒加载}{408}{subsection.24.11.2} {24.11.3}在Struts2中应用懒加载机制}{409}{subsection.24.11.3} {24.11.4}使用Hibernate维护单对象session}{412}{subsection.24.11.4} {24.12}ORM}{412}{section.24.12} {24.12.1}many-to-one}{413}{subsection.24.12.1} {24.12.2}one-to-many}{413}{subsection.24.12.2} {24.12.3}many-to-many}{414}{subsection.24.12.3} {24.12.4}双向关联映射}{416}{subsection.24.12.4} {24.12.5}关系表}{417}{subsection.24.12.5} {24.12.6}Hibernate继承关系}{418}{subsection.24.12.6} {24.12.7}Hibernate组件映射}{419}{subsection.24.12.7} {24.13}HQL语句}{420}{section.24.13} {24.14}QBC语句}{422}{section.24.14} {24.15}使用SQL语句}{422}{section.24.15} {24.16}Hibernate缓存}{423}{section.24.16} {24.16.1}一级缓存}{423}{subsection.24.16.1} {24.16.1.1}批处理}{424}{subsubsection.24.16.1.1} {24.16.2}二级缓存}{424}{subsection.24.16.2} {24.16.3}查询缓存}{427}{subsection.24.16.3} {24.17}Hibernate锁机制}{428}{section.24.17} {24.17.1}悲观锁}{428}{subsection.24.17.1} {24.17.2}乐观锁}{429}{subsection.24.17.2} {24.18}Ant及Maven}{429}{section.24.18} {24.19}Hibernate注解}{429}{section.24.19} {25}Spring}{430}{chapter.25} {25.1}概念}{430}{section.25.1} {25.2}Spring开发}{431}{section.25.2} {25.2.1}依赖注入}{431}{subsection.25.2.1} {25.2.2}集合注入}{433}{subsection.25.2.2} {25.3}log4j}{434}{section.25.3} {25.4}Spring容器}{435}{section.25.4} {25.5}Spring容器对Bean对象的管理}{436}{section.25.5} {25.5.1}lazy-init}{436}{subsection.25.5.1} {25.5.2}Bean对象的初始化与销毁}{437}{subsection.25.5.2} {25.6}AOP与代理模式}{437}{section.25.6} {25.6.1}动态代理模式}{438}{subsection.25.6.1} {25.6.2}Spring代理模式}{440}{subsection.25.6.2} {25.6.2.1}第一种情况}{440}{subsubsection.25.6.2.1} {25.6.2.2}第二种情况}{441}{subsubsection.25.6.2.2} {25.6.2.3}第三种情况:使用schema配置}{443}{subsubsection.25.6.2.3} {25.7}单例模式及Bean的作用域}{445}{section.25.7} {25.8}Spring JDBC}{446}{section.25.8} {25.9}Spring与Struts2集成}{448}{section.25.9} {25.10}Struts2, Spring, Hibernate}{450}{section.25.10} {25.10.1}spring-test: 使用注解方式测试}{455}{subsection.25.10.1} {25.11}Spring管理Hibernate}{456}{section.25.11} {25.12}分层管理Spring配置文件}{462}{section.25.12} {25.13}Spring中的Hibernate懒加载}{462}{section.25.13} {25.14}Spring中文过滤器}{463}{section.25.14} {25.15}Spring读取属性(.properties)文件}{464}{section.25.15} {25.16}Spring中的Hibernate数据库操作}{465}{section.25.16} {25.17}分页查询}{465}{section.25.17} \contentsline {chapter}{Todo list}{478}{lstnumber.-637.8} {A}T-GWAP}{480}{appendix.A} {A.1}PO}{480}{section.A.1} {A.2}DAO}{480}{section.A.2} {A.2.1}使用连接池}{480}{subsection.A.2.1} {A.3}BO}{485}{section.A.3} {A.3.1}ThreadLocal}{486}{subsection.A.3.1} {A.4}FC}{486}{section.A.4} {A.5}View}{486}{section.A.5} {A.6}框架}{486}{section.A.6} {A.6.1}简单工厂}{486}{subsection.A.6.1} {B}问题}{489}{appendix.B} \contentsline {chapter}{Index}{491}{section*.9} {B.0.2},}{491}{subsection.B.0.2}
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