Msp430寄存器深度解析与使用指南

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"msp430 寄存器使用手册官方资料" MSP430系列微控制器是由德州仪器（Texas Instruments, TI）开发的一种超低功耗的16位微处理器。这款微控制器广泛应用于各种需要高效能、低能耗的嵌入式系统中，如传感器节点、便携式设备等。MSP430寄存器是其核心组成部分，对于理解和操作MSP430微控制器至关重要。寄存器在微控制器中扮演着数据和指令存储的角色。MSP430具有多种不同类型的寄存器，包括通用寄存器、控制寄存器、特殊功能寄存器(SFRs)以及累加器等。这些寄存器协同工作，使得MSP430能够执行计算、控制硬件接口和管理中断等功能。 1. **通用寄存器**：MSP430的通用寄存器用于临时存储数据，例如运算中间结果或待处理的输入/输出数据。它们可以快速访问，提高处理速度。 2. **控制寄存器**：控制寄存器包含配置和状态信息，用来设置微控制器的工作模式、时钟源、电源管理设置等。例如，MSP430中的晶振控制寄存器（OSCCTL）用于配置外部和内部振荡器的工作参数。 3. **特殊功能寄存器(SFRs)**：SFRs是用于特定功能的寄存器，如中断控制器寄存器（IE, IFG, Vector Table）、定时器控制寄存器（TACCRx, TBCCRx）、串行通信接口（UART）的控制寄存器（UCxCTLx, UCxBRx, UCxMCTLx）等。它们直接影响到微控制器的特定功能模块的行为。 4. **累加器**：MSP430通常有一个累加器A，它是算术逻辑单元(ALU)的一部分，用于执行算术和逻辑运算。累加器在计算过程中保存中间结果，如加法、减法、乘法等。 5. **程序计数器PC**：PC寄存器保存当前指令的地址，每次执行完一条指令后，它会自动递增，指向下一条指令的位置。 6. **标志寄存器**：MSP430中的标志寄存器（比如CPSR）记录了算术和逻辑运算的结果状态，如进位、零、负数等条件标志。在开发MSP430应用时，理解并正确使用这些寄存器是至关重要的。官方的手册提供了详细的寄存器描述、功能和使用方法，开发者应仔细阅读并遵循这些指南来编写代码。TI的条款和条件表明，他们对产品的修改和更新保有权利，并建议用户在下单前获取最新的产品信息，确保信息的准确性和完整性。此外，TI不承担应用支持或客户设计的法律责任，强调用户需对使用TI组件的产品和应用负责。

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Address Space

1-5

Introduction

1.4.3 Peripheral Modules

Peripheral modules are mapped into the address space. The address space

from 0100 to 01FFh is reserved for 16-bit peripheral modules. These modules

should be accessed with word instructions. If byte instructions are used, only

even addresses are permissible, and the high byte of the result is always 0.

The address space from 010h to 0FFh is reserved for 8-bit peripheral modules.

These modules should be accessed with byte instructions. Read access of

byte modules using word instructions results in unpredictable data in the high

byte. If word data is written to a byte module only the low byte is written into

the peripheral register, ignoring the high byte.

1.4.4 Special Function Registers (SFRs)

Some peripheral functions are configured in the SFRs. The SFRs are located

in the lower 16 bytes of the address space, and are organized by byte. SFRs

must be accessed using byte instructions only. See the device-specific data

sheets for applicable SFR bits.

1.4.5 Memory Organization

Bytes are located at even or odd addresses. Words are only located at even

addresses as shown in Figure 1−3. When using word instructions, only even

addresses may be used. The low byte of a word is always an even address.

The high byte is at the next odd address. For example, if a data word is located

at address xxx4h, then the low byte of that data word is located at address

xxx4h, and the high byte of that word is located at address xxx5h.

Figure 1−3. Bits, Bytes, and Words in a Byte-Organized Memory

. . Bits . .

Byte

Word (High Byte)

Word (Low Byte)

xxxAh

xxx9h

xxx8h

xxx7h

xxx6h

xxx5h

xxx4h

xxx3h

Address Space

1-6 Introduction

1.5 MSP430x2xx Family Enhancements

Table 1−1 highlights enhancements made to the MSP430x2xx family. The

enhancements are discussed fully in the following chapters, or in the case of

improved device parameters, shown in the device-specific datasheet.

Table 1−1. MSP430x2xx Family Enhancements

Subject Enhancement

Reset − Brownout reset is included on all MSP430x2xx devices.

− PORIFG and RSTIFG flags have been added to IFG1 to indicate

the cause of a reset.

− An instruction fetch from the address range 0x0000 − 0x01FF

will reset the device.

Watchdog

Timer

− All MSP430x2xx devices integrate the Watchdog Timer+

module (WDT+). The WDT+ ensures the clock source for the

timer is never disabled.

Basic Clock

System

− The LFXT1 oscillator has selectable load capacitors in LF mode.

− The LFXT1 supports up to 16-MHz crystals in HF mode.

− The LFXT1 includes oscillator fault detection in LF mode.

− The XIN and XOUT pins are shared function pins on 20- and

28-pin devices.

− The external R

OSC

feature of the DCO not supported on some

devices. Software should not set the LSB of the BCSCTL2

details.

− The DCO operating frequency has been significantly increased.

− The DCO temperature stability has been significantly improved.

Flash Memory − The information memory has 4 segments of 64-Bytes each.

− SegmentA is individually locked with the LOCKA bit.

− All information if protected from mass erase with the LOCKA bit.

− Segment erases can be interrupted by an interrupt.

− Flash updates can be aborted by an interrupt.

− Flash programming voltage has been lowered to 2.2 V

− Program/erase time has been reduced.

− Clock failure aborts a flash update.

Digital I/O − Ports 1 and 2 have integrated pull-up/down resistors.

− P2.6 and P2.7 functions have been added to 20- and 28- pin

devices. These are shared functions with XIN and XOUT.

Software must not clear the P2SELx bits for these pins if crystal

operation is required.

Comparator_A − Comparator_A has expanded input capability with a new input

multiplexer.

Low Power − Typical LPM3 current consumption has been reduced almost

50% @3V.

− DCO startup time has been significantly reduced.

Operating

frequency

− The target maximum operating frequency is 16Mhz @ 3.3V.

BSL − An incorrect password causes a mass erase.

− BSL entry sequence is more robust to prevent accidental entry

and erasure.

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