MODTRAN 5.2：辐射传输模拟新版本用户手册概述

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MODTRAN®5.2是一款先进的辐射传输模型软件，主要用于模拟地球大气中的辐射传输过程，包括太阳辐射到地面的吸收、散射和反射等复杂现象。此版本的用户手册提供了对新功能和改进的详细介绍，以及如何使用该软件的关键步骤和参数设置。在从5.2.0升级到5.2.1版本之间，可能进行了若干关键更新，这些变化在章节1.1 "Changes from Mod5.2.0 to Mod5.2.1"中有详细列出，可能包括但不限于性能优化、算法更新、新增功能或界面改进，以便更好地适应实际应用需求。用户手册的第二部分，"Overview of Input Data Format"（第2节），着重介绍了MODTRAN®5所需的输入数据格式，包括不同类型的卡片及其格式。这涉及到处理辐射传输过程中所需的各种参数，如气体成分、温度、压力、云和气溶胶分布等，这些都是计算辐射通量的基础。主体卡1（Required）— "Main Radiation Transport DRIVER"（第3节）是至关重要的，它定义了整个模拟过程的核心，包括辐射的发射、吸收、散射和传输的控制参数。卡1A则是对这一核心部分的延续和扩展，可能包含更高级的定制选项和配置细节。章节4至8主要关注可选的附加卡片，如1A1至1A7和1b，这些卡片允许用户针对特定场景或研究需求进行更为精细的调整。例如，1A1可能是用于调整大气成分，1A2可能与云模型的选择和参数有关，而1A3可能涉及灵活气溶胶模型的配置。1A7可能提供辐射源特性的定制，而1b则可能包含额外的计算选项或边界条件设定。卡2（Required）— "Main Aerosol and Cloud Options"（第6节）涉及处理大气中的气溶胶和云层，它们对辐射传输有重大影响。2A+和2A-CLOUDMODELS（第7和8节）是两个子选项，分别对应于不同的气溶胶和云模型，用户可以根据研究需要选择适合的模型和参数。 MODTRAN®5.2用户手册是一个详尽的指南，帮助用户了解如何利用这款强大的工具进行精确的大气辐射传输模拟，通过理解和掌握各个卡片的作用和设置，用户可以进行高效和准确的辐射传输过程分析。无论是在科研、环境评估还是气候建模领域，这个手册都是不可或缺的参考资料。

If MDEF = 1, default heavy species profiles are used. If MDEF = 2, the user must input the profiles for the

heavy species, which include nine chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) plus ClONO

, HNO

, CCl

, and N

. The 1 cm

-1

absorption cross-sections are stored in "DATA/CFC99_01.ASC"; "DATA/CFC99_15.ASC" is the 15 cm

-1

version

of the file. The specification of user-defined profiles is modeled after the MODEL = 7 option in LOWTRAN, but

only one unit definition (see JCHARX definition in CARD 2C1) can be used for the whole set of heavy species.

The "default" profiles for these species are stored in BLOCK DATA /XMLATM/ and are based on 1990

photochemical predictions (after M. Allen, JPL). Since some of the CFCs have increased by as much as 8% per

year, the user might well wish to redefine these values. Note that both CFC11 and CFC12 are now as much as 80%

larger than the default profiles.

If MODEL = 0, 7 or 8, MODTRAN

expects to read user-supplied atmospheric profiles. Set I_RD2C = 1 for

the first run. To sequentially rerun the same atmosphere for a series of cases, set I_RD2C to 0 in subsequent runs;

MODTRAN

will then reuse the previously read data and not read in CARD 2C, 2C1, … inputs.

I_RD2C = 0 For normal operation of program or when calculations are to be run with the atmosphere

MODEL last read in.

= 1 When user input data are to be read.

NOPRNT = 0 Normal writing to tape6 and tape7.

= 1 Create a tape6 with no writing out of model atmosphere profiles.

= 2 Create a tape6 with no spectral data or writing of model atmosphere profiles.

= 3 Delete tape6 at end of processing if run is successful.

= −1 Create additional tape8 output, including either weighting functions in transmission mode

(IEMSCT = 0) or fluxes in radiation modes with multiple scattering on (IMULT = 1 and

IEMSCT = 1, 2 or 4).

= −2 Generates spectral cooling rate data in addition to the tape8 output; spectral cooling rates

are written to the 'clrates' or 'rootname.clr' file.

If NOPRNT is set to −1 for multiple scattering calculations, spectral diffuse and total flux values along the lines

of sight will be written to tape8. These values are 1 cm

-1

spectral resolution results (0.1, 5 or 15 cm

-1

results if the

0.1, 5 or 15 cm

-1

band model data file is used, respectively). Spectral flux values convolved with the instrument slit

function are output to the 'specflux' or 'rootname.flx' file if FLAGS(7:7) is not left blank (CARD 4). Be warned that

setting NOPRNT to −1 for long paths (e.g., ground to space) over a large spectral range (e.g., 0.4 to 0.7 µm) will

generate large tape8 files.

TPTEMP > 0. Boundary temperature [K] of 'image pixel' (i.e., at H2), used in the radiation mode

(if IEMSCT = 1, 2 or 4) for slant paths that intersect the earth OR terminate at a

gray boundary (for example, cloud, target). If the 'area-average' temperature

(AATEMP, CARD 4A) is not entered and the line-of-sight intersects the earth,

TPTEMP is also used as the lower boundary temperature in the multiple scattering

models.

0. No surface emission if H2 is above ground. If the path intersects the Earth and

TPTEMP is either not positive or left blank, MODTRAN

uses the temperature of

the first atmospheric level as the boundary temperature. If the 'area-average'

temperature (AATEMP, CARD 4A) is not entered and the line-of-sight intersects

the earth, the temperature of the first atmospheric level is also used as the lower

boundary temperature in the multiple scattering models.

SURREF = 'BRDF' (or the first non-blank character is 'B' or 'b') Surface spectral BRDFs (Bidirectional

Reflectance Distribution Functions) are specified by CARD 4A, 4B1, 4B2 and 4B3

inputs.

= 'LAMBER' (or the first non-blank character is 'L' or 'l') Spectral Lambertian surface(s) is (are)

specified by CARD 4A, 4L1 and 4L2 inputs.

0. or blank Albedo of the earth (and at H2 if TPTEMP > 0), equal to one minus the surface

emissivity and spectrally independent (constant). If the value exceeds one, the

albedo is set to 1; if SURREF is blank, the albedo is set to 0.

CARD 1 (Required)

如何设定

< 0 Negative integer values allow the user to access pre-stored spectrally variable

surface albedos from the 'DATA/spec_alb.dat' file.

The file 'DATA/spec_alb.dat' is a replacement for the 'DATA/refbkg' file used in MODTRAN

3.7 and earlier

versions of the model. The current version contains 46 surfaces. A complete list is provided in Sec. 17.6. These are

only meant to be representative of the types of options available; the user is encouraged to add to the set or replace

the existing ones. Instructions for adding surfaces to the 'spec_alb.dat' file are provided directly within the file. It is

recommended that the wavelength limits on the surface properties match or exceed the spectral range specified for

the MODTRAN

run. MODTRAN

will use the endpoint values at any wavelength outside this range (no

extrapolations). Table 1 summarizes the use of selected CARD 1 parameters: MODTRN, SPEED, MODEL,

ITYPE, IEMSCT, IMULT, MDEF, NOPRNT and SURREF.

Table 1. Columns List Allowed Values of MODTRAN

CARD 1 Input Parameters MODTRN, SPEED,

MODEL ITYPE, IEMSCT, IMULT, MDEF, NOPRNT and SURREF.

CARD 1

FORMAT (4A1, I1, 12I5, F8.0,

A7)

MODTRN, SPEED, BINARY, LYMOLC, MODEL, ITYPE, IEMSCT, IMULT, M1,

M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, MDEF, I_RD2C, NOPRNT, TPTEMP, SURREF

MODTRN

(COL. 1)

MODEL

(COL. 5)

ITYPE

(COL. 6-

10)

IEMSCT

(COLA 11-

15)

IMULT

(COL. 16-

20)

MDEF

(COL. 51-55)

NOPRNT

(COL. 61-

65)

SURREF

(COL. 74-

80)

T or M

MODTRAN

Run

User-

Defined

Horizontal

Path

Transmittan

No Multiple

Scattering

For MODEL

= 1-6:

Default Minor

Species**

Tape Short

Output

-1

snow

F, L or

blank

LOWTRAN

Run

Tropical

Slant Path,

H1 to H2

Thermal

Radiance

Multiple

Scattering

Based at H1

For MODEL

= 0, 7 or 8:

Default Minor

Species**

tape6

Normal

Output

-2

forest

C or K

Correlated-k

with

MODTRAN

Mid-

Latitude

Summer

Slant Path

to Space

Thermal

and

Solar/Lunar

Radiance

-1

Multiple

Scattering

Based at H2

For MODEL

= 0, 7 or 8:

User Control

of Heavy

Molecules

-1

tape8

Output

-3

farm

Mid-

Latitude

Winter

Transmitted

Solar/Lunar

Irradiance

-2

tape8 plus

Spectral

Cooling

Rates

-4

desert

Sub-

Arctic

Summer

-5

ocean

Sub-

Arctic

Winter

-6

cloud

deck

1976 U.S.

Standard

-7

old grass

User-

Defined

…

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, MDEF, IM_RD2C TPTEMP, and SURREF are left blank for standard cases.

Options for non-standard models.

**CO

, O

, NO, SO

, NO

, NH

, HNO

CFC‟s plus CIONO

, NHO

, CCI

, and N

* S stands for slow and M stands for medium speed of execution of the code.

CARD 1 (Required)

4. CARD 1A (REQUIRED) – RADIATIVE TRANSPORT DRIVER CONT’D

CARD 1A inputs enable selection of scattering options, scaling of molecular profiles, customizing of the top-

of-atmosphere (TOA) solar irradiance, specification of data files, and Angstrom Law perturbations of aerosol optical

properties:

CARD 1A: DIS, DISAZM, DISALB, NSTR, SFWHM, CO2MX, H2OSTR, O3STR, C_PROF, LSUNFL,

LBMNAM, LFLTNM, H2OAER, CDTDIR, SOLCON, CDASTM, ASTMC, ASTMX, ASTMO,

AERRH, NSSALB

FORMAT(3A1, I3, F4.0, F10.0, 2A10, 2A1, 4(1X, A1), F10.0, A1, F9.0, 3F10.0, I10)

DIS = t, f (blank), s Used if IMULT = ±1 in CARD 1. Set DIS to TRUE (T or t) to activate the

DISORT discrete ordinate multiple scattering algorithm. If DIS is FALSE (F, f

or blank), the less accurate but faster Isaac‟s two-stream algorithm is used.

New to MODTRAN

5 is another value for DIS, S (or s). If S is chosen,

DISORT calculations are performed at selected spectral points in the

atmospheric window regions. These handfuls of DISORT radiances are then

used to scale Isaac‟s values for the entire wavelength region.

DISAZM = t, f or blank Azimuth dependence flag used with DISORT. Set DISAZM to TRUE (T or t)

to include azimuth dependence in the line-of-sight multiple scatter solar. Since

this option increases computation time, DISAZM should be set to FALSE (F, f

or blank) if only vertical fluxes are needed, if solar or viewing zenith angle is

near vertical, or if solar multiple scattering is a small radiance component (e.g.

for LWIR calculations).

DISALB = t, f or blank If DISALB is set to TRUE (T or t) with DISORT multiple scattering AND

solar scatter is on (IEMSCT=2 or IEMSCT=4), MODTRAN

will calculate the

spectral spherical albedo of the atmosphere and diffuse transmittance for the

line-of-sight and sun-to-ground paths, as described in Appendix F.

NSTR = 2, 4, 8, 16, Number of streams to be used by DISORT. Using high NSTR values generally

32, 64, 128, improves accuracy but slows computation. NSTR = 8 is although more

256, or 512 streams may be desirable if modeling highly forward peaked scatterers.

Currently, MODTRAN is delivered with the maximum allowed number of

streams (MXCMU in file PARAMS.h) set to 32. MXCMU must be increased

and the source recompiled to use more than this value (see the DISORT

documentation at ftp://climate.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/wiscombe/Discr_ord/) for

further details.

SFWHM The FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) of the triangular scanning function

used to smooth Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) solar irradiance data

[wavenumbers].

= 0. Use default TOA solar data:

DATA/SUNp1kuruzc2005.bin for the 0.1 cm

-1

band model;

DATA/SUN01kuruzc2005.dat for the 1.0 cm

-1

band model;

DATA/SUN01kuruzc2005.dat degraded with a 5 cm

-1

FWHM triangular

slit for the 5.0 cm

-1

band model; and

DATA/SUN01kuruzc2005.dat degraded with a 15 cm

-1

FWHM

triangular slit for the 15.0 cm

-1

band model.

> 0. Spectral resolution in wavenumbers used to degrade data from a TOA solar

irradiance data file utilizing a triangular slit spectral response function.

< 0. Spectral resolution set to |SFWHM| with spectrally convolved data written to

an output file. The output data file is given the name

“<rootname>_sY_XXXX.dat”. If input LSUNFL equals '1', '2', '3', '4' or '5',

then character Y is set to LSUNFL; otherwise Y is set to '0'. The character

string XXXX equals int(|SFWHM|) unless a 0.1 cm

-1

band model calculation is

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