ISO11898-4: 时间触发通信网络在CAN总线中的应用

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"ISO_11898_Part4_时间触发通信网络(ISO11898_1993版和1995修订版)" ISO 11898-Part 4 是一个针对时间触发通信网络的标准,它主要关注控制器局域网(Controller Area Network,简称CAN)的实时通信。这个标准的1993版和1995修订版旨在解决传统CAN网络在高负载下可能面临的通讯过载问题,通过引入时间触发通信策略来优化性能和增强系统的实时性。 在传统的CAN网络中,通信是基于事件的,即数据传输依赖于特定的事件发生。然而,当网络中同时有多个信息需要传输时,可能会导致总线负载过高。时间触发通信网络则引入了一种新的机制,它预先规划了所有节点的通信时间,确保了无冲突的传输,从而提高了系统的稳定性。 时间触发的CAN通信基于标准CAN协议,但增加了时间同步和调度的层次。在这样的网络中,所有节点都遵循一个共同的时间基准,使得每个消息可以在预定义的时间窗口内发送,避免了竞争和冲突。这不仅简化了总线上的仲裁过程,还能够精确预测消息传输的延迟,这对于实时性要求极高的系统至关重要。 ISO 11898-Part 4 描述了两种时间触发CAN的实现方式:方式一是针对周期性消息传输,而方式二则支持全局系统时间的传输。网络中的时间主节点负责发送参照帧,这些参照帧定义了基本周期和时间窗,用于同步各个节点的周期发送,并提供了一个全局时间参考。此外,该标准还包含了主节点冗余设计,以防主节点出现故障时有备用节点接替,以保证网络的持续运行。 在实际应用中,例如在奇瑞汽车的电子电器部网络系统科,这样的时间触发通信网络技术可以显著提升汽车电子系统的性能和可靠性,确保各种控制单元之间的通信准确无误,从而提升汽车的整体功能和安全性。通过遵循ISO 11898-Part 4 的规定,汽车制造商可以构建出更加高效、可靠的分布式CAN网络系统,易于扩展并能适应未来的技术升级需求。
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CAN总线在ISO-11898 中的全集 ISO 11898-1:2003 specifies the data link layer (DLL) and physical signalling of the controller area network (CAN). This document describes the general architecture of CAN in terms of hierarchical layers according to the ISO reference model for open systems interconnection (OSI) established in ISO/IEC 7498-1 and provides the characteristics for setting up an interchange of digital information between modules implementing the CAN DLL with detailed specification of the logical link control (LLC) sublayer and medium access control (MAC) sublayer. ISO 11898-2:2003 specifies the high-speed (transmission rates of up to 1 Mbit/s) medium access unit (MAU), and some medium dependent interface (MDI) features (according to ISO 8802-3), which comprise the physical layer of the controller area network. ISO 11898-3:2006 specifies characteristics of setting up an interchange of digital information between electronic control units of road vehicles equipped with the CAN at transmission rates above 40 kBit/s up to 125 kBit/s. ISO 11898-4:2004 specifies time-triggered communication in the CAN. It is applicable to setting up a time-triggered interchange of digital information between electronic control units (ECU) of road vehicles equipped with CAN, and specifies the frame synchronisation entity that coordinates the operation of both logical link and media access controls in accordance with ISO 11898-1, to provide the time-triggered communication schedule. ISO 11898-5:2007 specifies the CAN physical layer for transmission rates up to 1 Mbit/s for use within road vehicles. It describes the medium access unit functions as well as some medium dependent interface features according to ISO 8802-2. This represents an extension of ISO 11898-2, dealing with new functionality for systems requiring low-power consumption features while there is no active bus communication.