"2021俄罗斯海事登记局海船规则: 第VIII部分系统和管道"

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The document titled "RUSSIAN MARITIME REGISTER OF SHIPPING RULES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF SEA-GOING SHIPS PART VIII SYSTEMS AND PIPING" provides detailed guidelines and regulations for the classification and construction of sea-going ships. Approved by the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping in 2021, these rules are essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of marine vessels. The document covers various aspects related to ship systems and piping, including design, installation, maintenance, and inspection. It outlines the requirements for different types of systems, such as propulsion, steering, electrical, and ventilation systems, to ensure they meet the necessary standards for safe operation. One of the key components of the document is the classification of sea-going ships, which is essential for establishing the structural integrity and safety of vessels. Classification involves assessing the design, materials, construction, and equipment of a ship to ensure compliance with international standards and regulations. Another important aspect covered in the document is the construction of piping systems on sea-going ships. Proper installation and maintenance of piping systems are crucial for the efficient operation of various onboard systems, such as fuel, water, and hydraulic systems. The rules provide specific requirements for the design, materials, installation, and testing of piping systems to prevent leaks, corrosion, and other potential hazards. Overall, the document serves as a comprehensive guide for shipbuilders, designers, owners, and operators to ensure that sea-going ships are built and maintained to the highest safety standards. By adhering to these rules, maritime industry professionals can help prevent accidents, protect the environment, and promote the efficient operation of sea-going vessels.

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships (Part VIII)

2.2 RADII OF PIPE BENDS, HEAT TREATMENT AFTER BENDING

2.2.1 The inner radius of pipe bend of the boiler blow off pipes shall be at least 3,5 



(



pipe inside diameter).

The inner radius of bend of the steel and copper pipes subjected to a pressure exceeding

0,49 MPa or a working medium temperature exceeding 60 °C, as well as bending radius of

pipes with allowance for thermal expansion, shall be at least 󰇛 pipe outside diameter).

Bending to a lesser radius may be permitted, provided no thinning of pipe wall below the

values stated in 2.3 would occur during the bending.

2.2.2 Hot bending of stell pipes shall be generally carried out in the temperature range

1000 to 850 °C; however, the temperature may decrease to 750 °C during the bending

process.

For pipes, the bending of which is carried out within this temperature range, the following

applies:

.1 for C, C-Mn and C-Mo steels, no subsequent heat treatment is required;

.2 for 1 Cr – 0,5 Mo steel with a wall thickness greater than 8 mm, a subsequent stress

relieving heat treatment in the temperature range 620 to 680 °C is required;

.3 for 2,25 Cr – 1 Mo and 0,5 Cr – 0,5 Mo – 0,25 V steels of all thickness, a subsequent

stress relieving heat treatment in the temperature range 650 to 720 °C is required except for

pipes with a wall thickness ≤ 8 mm, diameter ≤ 100 mm and the maximum service temperature

up to 450 °C, for which no subsequent heat treatment may be carried out.

2.2.3 When the hot bending is carried out outside the temperature range stated in 2.2.2,

a subsequent new heat treatment in accordance with Table 2.2.3 is generally required.

T a b l e 2.2.3

Type of steel

Heat-treatment and temperature (°C)

C and C – Mn

Normalizing 880 to 940

0,3 Mo

Normalizing 900 to 940

1 Cr – 0,5 Mo

Normalizing 900 to 960

Tempering 640 to 720

2,25 Cr – 1 Mo

Normalizing 900 to 960

Tempering 650 to 780

0,5 Cr – 0,5 Mo – 0,25 V

Normalizing 930 to 980

Tempering 670 to 720

2.2.4 After cold bending when   , a complete heat treatment in accordance with

Table 2.2.3 is generally required in any case, a stress relieving heat treatment is required for

0,3 Mo steel with a wall thickness ≥ 15 mm at 580 to 640 °C, 1 Cr – 0,5 Mo steel with a wall

thickness ≥8 mm at 620 to 680 °C and for 2,25 Cr – 1 Mo and 0,5 Cr – 0,5 Mo – 0,25 V steel

with a wall thickness ≥ 8 mm, diameter ≥ 100 mm and service temperature above 450 °C

at 650 to 720 °C.

2.2.5 Copper and copper-alloy pipes, except for the pipes of measuring instruments,

shall be annealed before hydraulic testing.

2.2.6 Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment shall be effected in

accordance with 2.5.5 to 2.5.7, Part XIV "Welding".

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships (Part VIII)

2.3 METAL PIPE WALL THICKNESS

2.3.1 The wall thickness of metal pipes (except cast iron pipes) operating under the

internal pressure shall correspond to the greater of the values determined from Table 2.3.8 or

by the following formula:

 







󰇛󰇜

(2.3.1)

where 



 󰇛  󰇜;





= theoretical wall thickness, mm;

 = outside diameter of the pipe, mm;

 = design pressure determined in accordance with 2.3.2, MPa;

 = weld efficiency factor taken in accordance with 2.3.3;

 = allowance for a reduction of pipe wall thickness because of bending taken in accordance with

2.3.4, mm;

 = permissible (normal) stress determined in accordance with 2.3.5 to 2.3.7, MPa;

 = corrosion addition taken in accordance with Table 2.3.1-1 for steel pipes and Table 2.3.1-2 for

pipes of nonferrous metals, mm;

 = negative manufacturing tolerance for pipe wall thickness, % (when pipes without negative

allowance are used,   ).

T a b l e 2.3.1-1

Allowance c for corrosion for steel pipes

Working medium, piping service

, mm

Superheated steam

0,3

Saturated steam

0,8

Heating steam coils for water and fuel oil products in tanks and cargo tanks

2,0

Feed water in open circuit systems

1,5

Feed water in closed circuit systems

0,5

Blow-down of boilers

1,5

Compressed air

1,0

Hydraulic oil systems

0,3

Lubricating oil

0,3

Fuel oil

1,0

Cargo pipelines

2,0

Liquefied gas

0,3

Refrigerant piping

0,3

Fresh water

0,8

Sea water

3,0

N o t e s : 1. On agreement with the Register, the allowance for corrosion may be reduced for pipes protected

against corrosion by special coatings, linings, etc.

2. Where pipes of steel with sufficient corrosion resistance are used, the allowance for corrosion may be reduced

to zero.

3. For pipes passing through tanks and on the open decks the table values shall be increased by the allowance

for the influence of the external medium, which is assumed for the appropriate medium in accordance with the

Table.

T a b l e 2.3.1-2

Allowance c for corrosion for pipes of nonferrous metals and alloys

Pipe material

, mm

Copper, brass, copper-tin alloys and similar alloys, except those with lead content

0,8

Copper-nickel alloys (with Ni content ≥ 10 %)

0,5

N o t e . Where pipes of special alloys with sufficient corrosion resistance are used, the allowance for corrosion

may be reduced to zero.

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships (Part VIII)

2.3.2 The design pressure, on the basis of which pipe strength calculations are made,

shall be assumed equal to the maximum working pressure of the system. Where safety relief

valves are fitted, the design pressure shall be their highest set pressure. Pipelines and

components of piping systems not protected by safety valves or may be disconnected from

their safety valves, shall be calculated for the maximum possible pressure at the outlet of the

pumps connected.

For pipelines containing heated fuel oil, the design pressure shall be taken according to

Table 2.3.2.

T a b l e 2.3.2

Determination of design pressure for fuel oil systems

Working pressure ,

MPa

Working temperature, °C

No more than 60

More than 60

No more than 0,7

0,3 MPa or 



(the greater of two

values)

0,3 MPa or 



(the greater of two

values)

More than 0,7





1,4 MPa or 



(the greater value)

For pipelines of steering gear the design pressure shall be assumed in compliance with

6.2.8.1, Part IX "Machinery".

2.3.3 The strength factor  in strength calculations shall be taken as 1 for seamless

pipes and approved welded pipes, which are considered to be equal to seamless pipes.

For other welded pipes the strength factor  shall be assigned considering the

requirements of 2.1.6.1-1, Part X "Boilers, Heat Exchanges and Pressure Vessels".

2.3.4 The allowance for an actual reduction of pipe wall thickness because of bending

shall be chosen in such a way that the stresses in the bent part of the pipe because of internal

pressure do not exceed the permissible stresses.

Where precise values of thickness reduction while bending are not known, the allowance

, mm, may be obtained by the formula

  



 (2.3.4)

where  = mean radius of pipe bend, mm.

2.3.5 In strength calculations the permissible stresses are taken considering the

following properties of material and working conditions:





= ultimate resistance at room temperature, MPa;





= the minimum yield strength at the design temperature, MPa;





= conventional yield strength at the design temperature, MPa;







= ultimate long-term strength for 100 000 hours at the design temperature, MPa;







  of creep limit for 100 000 hours at the design temperature, MPa.

The design temperature t for determining permissible stresses is taken as the maximum

temperature of the medium inside the pipes.

2.3.5.1 For carbon or alloy steel pipes the permissible design stresses are chosen equal

to the lowest of the following values:

























.

When the design temperature is not included in the creep limit of the material,

the permissible stresses on the creep limit are not compulsory for examination.

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships (Part VIII)

2.3.5.2 For copper and copper alloys pipes the permissible stresses shall be determined

in accordance with Table 2.3.5.2.

T a b l e 2.3.5.2

Permissible stresses σ

perm

for pipes of copper and copper alloys

Pipe material

Heat

treatment

Minimum

tensile

strength,

MPa





, MPa, at working medium temperature, °C

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

Copper

Annealing

220

–

Aluminium brass

Ditto

320

–

Copper-nickel 95/5

and 90/10

Ditto

270

5,3

Copper-nickel 70/30

Ditto

360

Note. Intermediate values shall be determined by linear interpolation.

2.3.5.3 The permissible stresses for aluminium and titanium pipes in the strength

calculations are assumed equal to the minimum of the following values:















.

When the design temperature is not included in the creep limit of the material,

the permissible stresses on the creep limit are not compulsory for examination.

2.3.6 Steam pipes with an external diameter of 80 mm and over for superheated steam

at a temperature of 350 °C and over shall be calculated for stresses caused by thermal

expansion, and flanged joints – for strength and tightness.

The calculations of stresses in pipes because of thermal expansion shall comply with the

requirements of 18.3.

2.3.7 The wall thickness 



, in mm, of cast iron pipeline components shall not be

less than that obtained from the formula





 󰇛  󰇜 (2.3.7)

where  = nominal diameter, in mm;

 = factor taken equal to:

9 — for pipes;

14 — for T-joints and valve bodies;

12 — for joints.

Moreover, the wall thickness of cast iron pipes and valves under internal pressure shall

not be less than that obtained from Formula (2.3.1), and the allowance for a reduction of pipe

wall thickness because of bending in this case is   ;

weld efficiency factor  taken equal to:

1 — for pipes and couplings;

0,4 — for bends, T-joints and four-way unions;

0,25 — for fitting bodies;

permissible stress  determined with regard to 2.1.4.3, 2.1.4.6, and 2.1.5.5, Part X

"Boilers, Heat Exchangers and Pressure Vessels";

corrosion addition c due to sea water is:

4 mm — for cast iron of ferritic and ferritic-perlitic structure;

3 mm — for cast iron of perlitic structure;

for media with low corrosivity, corrosion addition  may be reduced.

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships (Part VIII)

2.3.8 The wall thickness of steel, copper, copper and titanium alloys pipes shall not be

less than indicated in Table 2.3.8.

T a b l e 2.3.8

Minimum wall thickness of metal pipes, mm

External

diameter,

Pipes

Steel

Copper

alloys

Corrosion-

resistant

steel

Titanium

based alloys

Pipes of

systems

other than

stated in

columns

3–7

Venting,

overflow and

sounding

pipes of

structural

tanks, except

for those

stated in

column 5 of

the Table and

in 10.1.4

Sea water

pipes (bilge,

ballast,

cooling water,

fire extingui-

shing

systems, etc.)

Bilge, air, overflow

and sounding

pipes passing

through ballast

and fuel tanks;

ballast pipes

passing through

fuel tanks; fuel

pipings passing

through ballast

tanks (refer also

to 9.2.3)

Pipings of CO

fire

extinguishing system

from

cylinders

to starting

valves

from

starting

valves to

discharge

nozzles

1,0

–

1,0

0,7

8,0

1,2

–

1,0

0,8

1,0

0,8

10,2

1,6

–

1,0

0,8

1,0

0,8

12,0

1,6

–

1,2

1,0

13,5

1,8

–

1,2

1,0

16,0

1,8

–

1,2

1,0

17,2

1,8

–

1,2

1,0

19,3

1,8

–

1,2

1,0

20,0

2,0

–

1,2

1,0

21,3

2,0

–

3,2

–

3,2

2,6

1,2

1,0

1,6

1,0

25,0

2,0

–

3,2

–

3,2

2,6

1,5

1,2

1,6

1,0

26,9

2,0

–

3,2

–

3,2

2,6

1,5

1,2

1,6

1,0

30,0

2,0

–

3,2

–

4,0

3,2

1,5

1,2

1,6

1,0

33,7

2,0

–

3,2

–

4,0

3,2

1,5

1,2

1,6

1,0

38,0

2,0

4,5

3,6

6,3

4,0

3,2

1,5

1,2

1,6

1,0

42,4

2,0

4,5

3,6

6,3

4,0

3,2

1,5

1,2

1,6

1,0

44,5

2,0

4,5

3,6

6,3

4,0

3,2

1,5

1,2

1,6

1,0

48,3

2,3

4,5

3,6

6,3

4,0

3,2

2,0

1,5

1,6

1,5

51,0

2,3

4,5

4,0

6,3

4,5

3,6

2,0

1,5

1,6

1,5

54,0

2,3

4,5

4,0

6,3

4,5

3,6

2,0

1,5

1,6

1,5

57,0

2,3

4,5

4,0

6,3

4,5

3,6

2,0

1,5

1,6

1,5

60,3

2,3

4,5

4,0

6,3

4,5

3,6

2,0

1,5

2,0

1,5

63,5

2,3

4,5

4,0

6,3

5,0

3,6

2,0

1,5

2,0

1,5

70,0

2,6

4,5

4,0

6,3

5,0

3,6

2,0

1,5

2,0

1,5

76,1

2,6

4,5

6,3

5,0

3,6

2,0

1,5

2,0

1,5

82,5

2,6

4,5

6,3

5,6

4,0

2,0

1,5

2,0

1,5

88,9

2,9

4,5

7,1

5,6

4,0

2,5

2,0

101,6

2,9

4,5

7,1

6,3

4,0

2,5

2,0

108,0

2,9

4,5

7,1

4,5

2,5

2,0

114,3

3,2

4,5

8,0

7,1

4,5

2,5

2,0

2,3

2,0

127,0

3,2

4,5

8,0

4,5

2,5

2,0

2,3

2,0

133,0

3,6

4,5

8,0

5,0

3,0

2,5

2,3

2,0

139,7

3,6

4,5

8,0

5,0

3,0

2,5

2,3

2,0

152,4

4,0

4,5

8,8

5,6

3,0

2,5

2,3

2,0

159,0

4,0

4,5

8,8

5,6

3,0

2,5

2,3

2,0

168,3

4,0

4,5

8,8

5,6

3,0

2,5

2,3

2,0

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"2021俄罗斯海事登记局海船规则: 第VIII部分系统和管道"

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