Java NIO入门教程：全视角解析与实践

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本篇教程是针对Java NIO（New Input/Output）的入门指南，由IBM DeveloperWorks提供，旨在帮助读者全面理解和掌握这一在Java 1.4版本中引入的高效I/O库。NIO与传统的I/O包相比，引入了新的设计思想，通过定义类来承载数据，并以块的形式进行处理，利用底层优化实现高速、非阻塞I/O，无需依赖于 native code。首先，我们将在"Before you start"部分了解NIO的背景和优势，它弥补了原始I/O在速度和灵活性上的不足，使得Java开发者能够直接在标准代码中实现高性能I/O操作。接着，"Input/output: A conceptual overview"将深入探讨NIO的核心概念，包括其设计理念，如基于通道（Channels）和缓冲区（Buffers）的I/O模型。通道负责实际的数据传输，而缓冲区则用于临时存储数据，提高了数据的处理效率。 "From theory to practice: Reading and writing in NIO"将引导你进入实践阶段，详细介绍如何通过NIO API进行文件读写操作，展示如何使用通道和缓冲区进行数据交换。 "Buffer internals"将剖析缓冲区的工作原理，包括不同类型的缓冲区（如DirectBuffer、HeapBuffer等），以及它们各自的特性和应用场景。 "More about buffers"进一步探讨缓冲区管理、复用和内存管理，帮助你更好地利用NIO的优势。 "Scattering and gathering"涉及多路复用技术，允许一次读写操作同时处理多个目标，提升并发性能。 "File locking"讨论了在NIO下实现文件锁定，确保数据一致性的重要性和方法。 "Networking and asynchronous I/O"部分扩展到网络编程，讲解如何利用NIO进行异步通信，提高网络应用的响应速度。最后，"Charactersets"讨论字符集处理，尤其是在多字节编码环境中的字符转换问题，以及如何正确处理字符数据。 "Summary and resources"将对整个教程进行总结，并推荐后续的学习资源，帮助读者继续深化对Java NIO的理解和实践。通过阅读这篇教程，你将不仅掌握Java NIO的基本原理，还能学习如何在实际项目中有效地应用这些技术，提升程序的性能和可维护性。

• CharBuffer

• ShortBuffer

• IntBuffer

• LongBuffer

• FloatBuffer

• DoubleBuffer

Each of the Buffer classes is an instance of the Buffer interface. With the exception

of ByteBuffer, each one has the exact same operations, differing only in the type of

data it deals with. Because ByteBuffer is used for most standard I/O operations it

has all of the shared buffer operations as well as some that are unique.

You may want to take a moment now to run the UseFloatBuffer.java, which contains an

example of typed buffers in action.

What is a channel?

A Channel is an object from which you can read data and to which you can write data.

Comparing NIO with original I/O, a channel is like a stream.

As previously mentioned, all data is handled through Buffer objects. You never write

a byte directly to a channel; instead you write to a buffer containing one or more bytes.

Likewise, you don't read a byte directly from a channel; you read from a channel into a

buffer, and then get the bytes from the buffer.

Kinds of channels

Channels differ from streams in that they are bi-directional. Whereas streams only go in

one direction (a stream must be a subclass of either InputStream or

OutputStream), a Channel can be opened for reading, for writing, or for both.

Because they are bi-directional, channels better reflect the reality of the underlying

operating system than streams do. In the UNIX model in particular, the underlying

operating system channels are bi-directional.

Presented by developerWorks, your source for great tutorials

ibm.com/developerWorks

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