利用耦合调制环谐振器实现微波频率加倍技术

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本文主要探讨了一种利用耦合调制环形谐振器实现微波频率上转换的新方法。在微波通信领域，频率上转换是一种重要的技术，它允许将低频信号提升到更高的频段，以便于在无线通信、雷达系统和光电子应用中提高信号带宽和效率。文章的核心焦点在于利用环形谐振器的独特性质来实现关键耦合，即谐振器固有的损耗与外部Mach-Zehnder干涉器耦合器提供的外部耦合达到完美的平衡。关键概念包括： 1. **耦合调制环形谐振器** (Coupling-Modulated Ring Resonator, CMRR)：这是一种特殊的光子结构，其设计使得微波信号通过共振过程时，外部控制手段能够有效地调整谐振特性。在本研究中，这种调控使得微波信号的频率加倍，通过改变谐振器的参数，如光强度或相位，可以实现对输入信号的精细处理。 2. **关键耦合** (Critical Coupling)：这是当谐振器的内在损耗（如吸收和散射）与外部耦合相等时，能量传输达到最优状态。在这种条件下，输入信号几乎完全被转换，而没有能量反射回输入端，从而产生非常干净的输出信号。 3. **频率加倍** (Frequency Doubling)：通过这种方式，微波信号的频率翻倍，这在通信系统中可以增加带宽，提高数据传输速率，或者在某些设备中降低噪声干扰。 4. **Mach-Zehnder干涉器** (Mach-Zehnder Interferometer,MZI)：作为外部耦合器，它通过分束、干涉和再合并的方式控制微波信号的流动，使得环形谐振器能够实现精确的外部调控。 5. **高抑制的载波** (High Suppression of the Carrier)：指在微波信号上转换过程中，对原信号的高频成分（载波）有很强的抑制作用，这有助于减少噪声和非线性效应，产生高质量的两路信号。研究者们在 Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science 的电子工程系和 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks 进行了这项实验，并且还与 Peking University 的相关实验室合作，共同探索了这一领域的前沿技术。文章在2017年10月接受并发布，展示了耦合调制环形谐振器在微波频率上转换中的潜力和实用性，对于推动微波信号处理技术的发展具有重要意义。

Microwave frequency upconversion employing

a coupling-modulated ring resonator

YIMING ZHONG,

LINJIE ZHOU,

*YANYANG ZHOU,

YUJIE XIA,

SIQI LIU,

LIANGJUN LU,

JIANPING CHEN,

AND XINGJUN WANG

Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and

Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science,

Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

*Corresponding author: ljzhou@sjtu.edu.cn

Received 16 August 2017; revised 15 October 2017; accepted 17 October 2017; posted 18 October 2017 (Doc. ID 304852);

published 13 November 2017

We present a method to generate a frequency-doubled microwave signal by employing a coupling-modulated ring

resonator. Critical coupling is achieved when the resonator intrinsic loss is perfectly balanced by the external

coupling enabled by a Mach–Zehnder interferometer coupler. The high suppression of the carrier leads to a clean

two-tone optical signal with the frequency interval two times larger than that of the input microwave frequency.

The beating of the two-tone signal at a photodiode generates the frequency upconverted microwave signal.

A theoretical model is established to analyze the modulation process and the microwave signal generation.

Experimental results show that the electrical harmonic suppression ratio is around ∼20 dB (29 dB) for an input

microwave signal with 5 dBm (10 dBm) power.

OCIS codes: (060.5625) Radio frequency photonics; (130.4110) Modulators; (350.4010) Microwaves.

https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.5.000689

1. INTRODUCTION

Microwave photonics (MWP), the study of the interaction of

microwave and optical signals, has been a hot research area re-

cently [1,2]. MWP systems combine the advantages of micro-

wave engineering and optoelectronics, but they are subjected

to complex system configurations composed of discrete bulky

optical and electrical components, which are power hungry, ex-

pensive, and unstable. The major functions in an MWP system

include microwave signal generation, processing, and transmis-

sion in the optical domain.

In up-to-date microwave systems, the generation of a low-

phase noise and frequency-tunable microwave is still a challeng-

ing task [3]. Traditionally, a microwave signal is generated by

an electrical oscillator based on two terminal (diodes) or three

terminal (transistors) devices. To obtain high-frequency micro-

wave or submillimeter waves, the above approach of using

many stages of frequency multipliers is still problematic because

of the electrical bandwidth bottleneck and the lack of frequency

tuning flexibility.

On the other hand, microwave signal generation in the

optical domain has many merits, such as high bandwidth, light

weight, low cost, etc. Various approaches can be used to gen-

erate the microwave signal in the optical domain, such as het-

erodyning two optical signals in a nonlinear optical crystal or a

photodetector (PD) [4,5], using an opto-electronic oscillator

[6,7] or a mode-locked laser [8,9]. Moreover, a high-frequency

new microwave signal can be generated by modulating a high-

speed optical modulator with a low-frequency microwave sig-

nal. Double or quadruple frequency generation in the optical

domain using a commercial external modulator has been re-

ported [10–13]. The method is quite attractive because of its

system simplicity, operation stability, and good coherence of the

two optical sidebands [14]. O’Reilly et al. first proposed to use a

single commercial Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) in 1992

[15]. By adjusting the DC bias voltage to set the MZM at the

minimum transmission point, all even-order sidebands can be

eliminated, and a frequency-doubled microwave signal is ob-

tained by beating 1st order sidebands at a PD. When the

MZM is biased at the maximum transmission point, then

the frequency quadrupling can be obtained by incorporating

an imbalanced Mach–Zehnder (MZ) filter after the modulator

[16]. The frequency of the generated microwave signal is lim-

ited by the fixed free spectral range (FSR) of the MZ filter.

Qi et al. proposed an approach to utilize a narrow-bandwidth

fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fil ter to suppress the unwanted car-

rier [13]. It is of critical importance to suppress the carrier no

matter in double- or quadruple-frequency generation in order

to obtain a high-quality microwave signal.

Research Article

Vol. 5, No. 6 / December 2017 / Photonics Research 689

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