Apache CXF深度解析：构建SOAP与RESTful Web服务

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"Apache CXF Web服务开发" Apache CXF 是一个开源框架，专门用于构建和部署 SOAP 和 RESTful 风格的Web服务。这本书"Apache CXF Web Service Development"由 Naveen Balani 和 Rajeev Hathi 合著，旨在帮助读者深入理解和实践使用 Apache CXF 创建 Web 服务的全过程。 Apache CXF 允许开发者通过多种方式创建 Web 服务，包括基于 Java API for Web Services (JAX-WS) 和 Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS) 的接口。JAX-WS 用于构建基于 SOAP 协议的服务，而 JAX-RS 则是处理 RESTful 服务的标准。通过 CXF，开发者可以方便地将这些接口直接映射到实际的 Java 类，简化了服务的实现。本书涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. Web服务基础：首先，读者会了解到Web服务的基本概念，如 SOAP 和 RESTful 架构风格，以及它们各自的优势和适用场景。 2. Apache CXF 框架介绍：书中详细介绍了 CXF 框架的组件和工作原理，包括 CXF 如何处理服务的生命周期，以及如何通过 CXF 提供的服务发现功能找到并调用远程服务。 3. 设置开发环境：如何配置和安装 CXF，以及如何设置 IDE（如 Eclipse）以支持 CXF 开发，包括创建新项目、添加依赖等步骤。 4. 创建 SOAP Web服务：通过 JAX-WS，学习如何定义服务接口，编写服务端点实现，以及如何发布和测试这些服务。 5. 构建 RESTful Web服务：利用 JAX-RS，掌握如何创建资源类，使用注解来定义资源的 CRUD 操作，并通过 HTTP 方法处理请求。 6. 数据绑定和协议转换：了解 CXF 支持的数据绑定技术，如 JAXB（Java Architecture for XML Binding），以及如何在不同消息格式之间进行转换，如 XML 到 JSON。 7. 安全和认证：讲解如何集成 SSL/TLS 来确保通信安全，以及如何实现基本的身份验证、OAuth 认证和其他安全机制。 8. 测试和调试：如何使用 CXF 提供的工具和插件进行服务的测试，包括单元测试和端到端测试，以及如何进行调试。 9. 部署和服务整合：探讨如何将 CXF 服务部署到各种服务器平台，如 Tomcat 或 JBoss，以及如何与其他企业级应用集成，如 EJB、Spring 等。 10. 高级主题：可能涉及 CXF 的扩展性，如自定义拦截器、过滤器和数据转换器，以及 CXF 在微服务架构中的应用。请注意，虽然此书出版于2009年，但 Apache CXF 的核心理念和技术仍然有效。不过，为了保持最新的开发实践，读者可能需要查阅最新的 CXF 文档和社区资源，了解框架的最新版本和更新特性。

Preface

[ 4 ]

• Apache Ant 1.7.1 or higher. Ant will be used to build and deploy the code.

The build utility can be downloaded from the site: http://ant.apache.

org/bindownload.cgi

• CXF binary distribution 2.2.3 or latest. CXF binary distribution can be

downloaded from the site: http://cxf.apache.org/download.html.

• Maven 2.x or higher, if you plan to use Maven instead of ANT for

running the code examples. Maven can be downloaded from the

site http://maven.apache.org/

Refer to Appendix A for more details on how to set up the environment for running

the code examples,

Who this book is for

This book is for developers who want to design and develop SOAP and RESTful

services using Apache CXF framework, and leverage various CXF features for

service development. It is ideal for developers who have some experience in Java

application development as well as some basic knowledge of web services, but

it covers some of the basic fundamentals of web services and REST to get you

acquainted with these technologies before using these concepts to develop services

using the CXF framework.

Conventions

In this book, you will nd a number of styles of text that distinguish between

different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an

explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text are shown as follows: " You need to specify the <http:address>

element for sending messages in an HTTP format. "

A block of code is set as follows:

import javax.jws.WebService;

@WebService

public interface OrderProcess {

String processOrder(Order order);

}

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by ALESSANDRO CAROLLO on 18th December 2009

6393 south jamaica court, , englewood, , 80111

Getting Familiar with CXF

We often require real world systems and applications to integrate with each other.

Application integration is one of the critical areas that you need to focus on during

application development, if your application involves integrating with third party or

external systems. Alternatively, depending on your requirements, you may want other

systems to access your application. Let's take an example of a credit card company

providing services to guarantee payments made by consumers. These services are

available over the Web, and consumers or applications, such as an online shopping

application, or an airline rm that accepts credit cards as payment for its services,

uses the credit card payment service for a consumer's payments. Since the credit

card services can be accessed by any application client such as a web browser or a

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) enabled phone, and developed using any

programming language, there is a need for a standard-based communication where

the services offered can be used by any application, irrespective of any underlying

technology. This is where web services come into play, and to simplify the design

and development of web services, you have the option of using various web service

frameworks. Apache CXF is one such leading standard-based web services framework

whose goal is to simplify web services development.

In order to get started with the CXF framework, you rst need to understand the

concepts behind web services, the technology, and the standards that make up web

service and features provided by the CFX framework. This chapter will cover these

core concepts.

Specically, in this chapter we will cover the following topics:

• The core technology standards and concepts behind web services

• Approaches for web services development

• Overview of Apache CXF framework

• Features provided by Apache CXF framework

• Setting up Apache CFX environment

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by ALESSANDRO CAROLLO on 18th December 2009

6393 south jamaica court, , englewood, , 80111

Getting Familiar with CXF

[ 8 ]

Web service technology standards

Before you look at the concept behind web services you need to understand the

core technology standards that make up web services. Covering all the concepts

and standards associated with web services is a vast topic in itself. In this chapter

we attempt to cover the relevant web service standards and information used in the

context of this book to get you acquainted with the technologies for developing web

services using CXF. Some of the concepts will be explained in greater detail during

the course of this book.

XML

XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. XML is a markup language that

species or describes the format of the data to be exchanged between two parties.

The data is signicantly structured as tags or elements in a hierarchical order. A user

can create his/her own tag to represent structured information. XML has become

the de facto standard for representing structured information. Some of the important

standard technologies associated with an XML document are listed below:

• XML namespace—an XML namespace is a standard for providing uniquely

named elements and attributes in an XML document. The XML namespace

concept is similar to package denitions in Java, which provide conict

resolution of class names based on package declarations. A namespace is

declared using the reserved XML attribute xmlns, the value of which must

be a URI (Uniform Resource Identier) reference, for example,

xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml or using a prex

xmlns:xhtml=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml.

• XML schema—XML schema provides a means of dening the structure,

content, and semantics of XML documents. The XML Schema data model

includes the vocabulary (element and attribute names), the content model

(relationships and structure), and data types. An example of XML Schema

describing address information is provided below:

<xs:schema

xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

<xs:element name="address" type="Address"/>

<xs:complexType name="Address">

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/>

<xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/>

<xs:element name="city" type="xs:string"/>

<xs:element name="state" type="xs:string"/>

<xs:element name="country" type="xs:string"/>

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by ALESSANDRO CAROLLO on 18th December 2009

6393 south jamaica court, , englewood, , 80111

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