IPv6核心技术实现(英文版) - CSDN文库

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"IPv6 Core Protocols Implementation" 本书“IPv6 Core Protocols Implementation”是网络经典系列中的一部，由Qing Li, Tatuya Jinmei, 和 Keiichi Shima三位专家共同撰写，旨在深入探讨IPv6的核心协议及其实现。IPv6（Internet Protocol Version 6）是互联网协议的最新版本，设计用来解决IPv4地址空间耗尽的问题，以及提供更高效、安全和灵活的网络服务。 IPv6与IPv4相比，最显著的变化在于其地址空间的巨大扩展。IPv6使用128位地址，理论上可以提供约3.4x10^38个唯一地址，远超过IPv4的4.3x10^9个地址。这使得几乎每个设备都能拥有独立的全球可路由地址，为物联网（IoT）和大规模设备连接提供了基础。书中详细介绍了IPv6的关键组件和协议，包括： 1. **IPv6头格式**：IPv6简化了报文头部，减少了处理开销，同时增加了扩展头部，以适应不同服务需求。 2. **地址分配**：包括单播、多播和任播地址的分配机制，以及无状态地址自动配置（SLAAC）和DHCPv6等地址获取协议。 3. **邻居发现协议（NDP）**：替代了IPv4中的ARP，用于节点间的链接层地址发现、路由器发现、地址解析和重复地址检测。 4. **路径MTU发现（PMTU Discovery）**：通过ICMPv6的“无法片段”消息确定最大传输单元，避免数据包在传输过程中被分片。 5. **流量标签和优先级**：IPv6引入流标签和优先级字段，支持QoS（服务质量）管理。 6. **安全性**：内置IPsec提供网络层安全，包括加密和认证，确保数据的隐私和完整性。 7. **移动性和多宿主**：通过移动IPv6和多宿主支持，允许设备在不同网络间无缝漫游，并同时连接多个网络。此外，作者还讨论了IPv6与IPv4的过渡技术，如隧道技术（如6to4、ISATAP和GRE隧道）、双栈策略以及转换服务（如NAT-PT），这些技术帮助网络逐步从IPv4过渡到IPv6。书中的内容不仅适用于网络管理员、工程师和研究人员，也适合对网络协议感兴趣的学者和学生。通过阅读此书，读者将全面了解IPv6的核心协议及其实现细节，为在网络环境中部署和管理IPv6提供坚实的理论基础。

Contents xv

6.7.4 Function in6_pcbladdr() 642

6.7.5 Search for a PCB Entry—in6_pcblookup_local()

Function 644

6.7.6 Search for IPv4-mapped PCB—in_pcblookup_local()

Function 647

6.7.7 Search for a PCB Entry—in6_pcblookup_hash()

Function 650

6.7.8 Search for IPv4-mapped PCB—in_pcblookup_hash()

Function 651

6.7.9 Detach an IPv6 PCB—in6_pcbdetach() Function 653

6.7.10 Control Message Signaling—in6_pcbnotify()

Function 655

6.7.11 Flush PCB Cached Route—in6_rtchange()

Function 659

6.7.12 Retrieve Peer Address—in6_setpeeraddr()

Function 660

6.7.13 Retrieve Local Address—in6_setsockaddr()

Function 662

6.8 TCP-over-IPv6 663

6.8.1 TCP-over-IPv6 Instance of ip6protosw{} 663

6.8.2 TCP Output 663

6.8.3 Initializing Headers—tcp_fillheaders() Function 669

6.8.4 TCP Input—tcp6_input() and tcp_input()

Functions 670

6.8.5 TCP Control Input—tcp6_ctlinput() Function 675

6.8.6 TCP User Requests 678

6.9 UDP-over-IPv6 685

6.9.1 UDP-over-IPv6 Instance of ip6protosw{} 685

6.9.2 UDP Output—udp6_output() Function 685

6.9.3 UDP Input—udp6_input() Function 692

6.9.4 UDP Control Input—udp6_ctlinput() Function 699

6.9.5 UDP User Requests Handling 702

6.10 Raw IPv6 709

6.10.1 Raw IPv6 Statistics 709

6.10.2 Raw IPv6 Output—rip6_output() Function 710

6.10.3 Raw IPv6 Input—rip6_input() Function 715

6.10.4 ICMPv6 Input—icmp6_rip6_input() Function 719

6.10.5 Raw IPv6 Control Input—rip6_ctlinput()

Function 724

Foreword

Back in 1994, when the IETF accepted the proposal that is known as IPv6 today, I was convinced

from that moment, such a new fundamental protocol would be difﬁcult if not impossible to be

accepted, adopted and deployed by the networking community without a high-quality open-

source reference implementation that is freely available.

This conviction stems from my close involvement with the original TCP/IPv4 protocols

and UC Berkeley’s BSD implementation of these protocols. I have seen ﬁrst-hand how the BSD

implementation has made enormous contribution to the success of TCP/IPv4, commonly known

as the Internet protocols. We needed a new effort that played the same role for IPv6.

It was our turn to make a contribution to the world of the Inter net from a developer’s point

of view, but at that time the economic impact of the Internet boom already made my colleagues

at Berkeley too busy. I understood that we had a mission and so the IPv6 working group was

born in the WIDE project for this purpose, which eventually evolved into the KAME project.

One of the requirements demanded of the software to be developed by the KAME project,

was to demonstrate how the IPv6 protocols work and how well the protocols operate in real

environments—a difﬁcult and challenging task. With the long and very patient help from all the

supporters, the KAME project members fulﬁlled this goal with their diligence and perseverance.

The KAME implementation was adopted by all major BSD variants as the de-facto IPv6 imple-

mentation. And KAME is often referred to during IPv6 discussions at IETF meetings. I strongly

believe the success of the KAME project played a signiﬁcant role in the wide acceptance and

the continued adoption of the IPv6 technology.

Part of my focus now shifts to the knowledge transfer aspect of technology adoption.

Experience and wisdom must be shared with the new generation of engineers who will follow

the foot steps of KAME and who will be the main users of KAME. While it is true that an

established engineer can learn directly from the source code, a good “how-to” book with expert

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