Research Article
Incremental Support Vector Machine Combined with Ultraviolet-
Visible Spectroscopy for Rapid Discriminant Analysis of Red Wine
Jun Liu ,
1
Tie-Jun Pan,
2
and Zheng-Yong Zhang
1
1
School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
2
Ningbo Dahongying University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315175, China
Correspondence should be addressed to Zheng-Yong Zhang; zyzhang@nufe.edu.cn
Received 5 December 2017; Accepted 7 March 2018; Published 10 April 2018
Academic
Editor:
Vincenza
Crupi
Copyright
© 2018 Jun Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The aim of this work is to develop a new method to overcome the increased training time when a recognition model is updated
based on the condition of new features extracted from new samples. As a common complex system, red wine has a rich
chemical composition and is used as an object of this research. The novel method based on incremental learning support vector
machine (I-SVM) combined with ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was applied to discriminant analysis of the brands
of red wine for the first time. In this method, new features included in the new training samples were introduced into the
recognition model through iterative learning in each iteration, and the recognition model was rapidly updated without
significantly increasing the training time. Experimental results show that the recognition model established by this method
obtains a good balance between training efficiency and recognition accuracy.
1. Introduction
Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra of red wine
samples can be obtained using a UV spectrophotometer.
These differences of peak shape, height, and area of UV-Vis
spectra characterize the disparity of composition and the
degree of unsaturation of component s contained in red wine
samples, which reflect the overall characteristics of red wine.
UV-Vis spectroscopy has the characteristics of high sensitiv-
ity, good repr oducibility, high efficiency, and low cost.
Different pattern recognition algorithm with UV-Vis
spectroscopy has been used to detect red wines [1–9]. How-
ever, the traditional method of pattern recognition is a kind
of off-line training meth od, which trains a classifier with
labeled sample datasets for recognition. The quality of red
wine is mainly determined by the raw materials of grape
and the brewing process, while the quality of raw material
is greatly influenced by the climate of the place of production,
which makes the tastes of different batches of red wines of the
same brand have subtle differences, and the corresponding
spectral data also change. So the classification accuracy of
the classifier trained by off-line data will be significantly
reduced. The solution is usually to retrain the classifier, but
the retraining requires a large number of training samples
and training time, this cost is unbearable. Therefore, how to
adapt the classifier trained by the old labeled data to the
identification of new samples is a difficult problem in
on-line identification [10–13].
Support vector machine (SVM) has been successfully
used for data mining, pattern recognition, and artificial
intelligence fields. With labeled data, SVM learns a boundary
(i.e., hyperplane) separating different class data with maxi-
mum margin. The classification process usually face the
new evolving data; the initial training sample data cannot
reflect all the sample information. When new training
samples are accumulated to a certain scale, in order to obtain
the new sample information, it would like to integrate these
examples and train a new classification model. However,
the training of a SVM model has the time complexity of
O(n
3
) (n is the number of training samples); it does benefit
large-scale online applications [14–17].
It is noteworthy that performance of classification
method for red wine is evaluated not only based on accuracy
but also on rapidity, which are also of great significance in
Hindawi
Journal of Spectroscopy
Volume 2018, Article ID 4230681, 5 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4230681