SQL Server 2005 新增排名函数解析:ROW_NUMBER, RANK, DENSE_RANK, NTILE

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"Sql Server2005对t-sql的增强主要体现在引入了四个新的排名函数:ROW_NUMBER、RANK、DENSE_RANK和NTILE。这些函数极大地丰富了SQL Server2005中的数据处理能力,特别是对于数据分组和排序的需求提供了更灵活的解决方案。其中,NTILE函数是一个特别有趣且实用的功能,它能够将数据集按指定数量的组进行划分,每组分配一个从1开始的连续编号。" 在SQL Server 2005中,NTILE函数的使用方式通常是结合窗口函数(OVER子句)来操作。通过OVER子句定义一个分区(PARTITION BY),可以按照特定列(如 categoryId)对数据进行分组,然后在每个组内按照指定的顺序(ORDER BY categoryId)对行进行排序。NTILE函数会根据分组后的排序结果,将行均匀地分配到预先设定的组数中。 例如,创建了一个名为`t_ntile`的表,包含id、categoryId和name三列,并插入了9条数据。如果我们想要根据categoryId将数据分为3个组,可以使用以下查询语句: ```sql SELECT id, categoryId, name, 'ntileValue' = NTILE(3) OVER (PARTITION BY categoryId ORDER BY categoryId) FROM t_ntile; ``` 在这个查询中,OVER子句首先按照categoryId进行分区,然后在每个categoryId的分区内部按照categoryId排序。NTILE(3)表示我们要将每个categoryId的行分为3个组。执行查询后,每组的ntileValue将是1、2或3,代表该行在当前组内的相对位置。 理解NTILE函数的关键在于其分组和编号的特性。如果某个categoryId有足够多的行使得它们能平均分配到3个组,那么NTILE将返回连续的值。如果有不足的行,某些组可能会有相同的ntileValue。比如,如果有2个行属于一个categoryId,那么NTILE会将这两个行都分配到组1,因为无法平均分成3个组。 ROW_NUMBER、RANK和DENSE_RANK函数也与NTILE相似,都是用于排序和排名,但它们的区别在于如何处理相同值的情况。ROW_NUMBER总是为每一行提供唯一的序列号,RANK在遇到相同值时会跳过一些序号,而DENSE_RANK则会连续分配序号,不留下空缺。 SQL Server 2005中的这些排名函数为数据分析提供了强大的工具,可以帮助开发人员更高效地处理复杂的查询和报表生成,尤其在需要对数据进行分组、排序和排名时,这些函数显得尤为重要。
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Transact-SQL, or T-SQL, is Microsoft Corporation’s powerful implementation of the ANSI standard SQL database query language, which was designed to retrieve, manipulate, and add data to relational database management systems (RDBMS). You may already have a basic idea of what SQL is used for, but you may not have a good understanding of the concepts behind relational databases and the purpose of SQL. This book will help you build a solid foundation of understanding, beginning with core relational database concepts and continuing to reinforce those concepts with real-world T-SQL query applications. If you are familiar with relational database concepts but are new to Microsoft SQL Server or the T-SQL language, this book will teach you the basics from the ground up. If you’re familiar with earlier versions of SQL Server, it will get you up-to-speed on the newest features. And if you know SQL Server 2005, you’ll learn about some exciting new capabilities in SQL Server 2008. Information Technology professionals in many different roles use T-SQL. Our goal is to provide a guide and a reference for IT pros across the spectrum of operational database solution design, database application development, and reporting and business intelligence solutions. Database solution designers will find this book to be a thorough introduction and comprehensive reference for all aspects of database modeling, design, object management, query design, and advanced query concepts. Application developers who write code to manage and consume SQL Server data will benefit from our thorough coverage of basic data management and simple and advanced query design. Several examples of ready-to-use code are provided to get you started and to continue to support applications with embedded T-SQL queries. Report designers will find this book to be a go-to reference for report query design. You will build on a thorough introduction to basic query concepts and learn to write efficient queries to support business reports and advanced analytics. Finally, database administrators who are new to SQL Server will find this book to be an all-inclusive introduction and reference of mainstream topics. This can assist you as you support the efforts of other team members. Beyond the basics of database object management and security concepts, we recommend Beginning SQL Server 2005 Administration and Beginning SQL Server 2008 Administration from Wrox, co-authored in part by the same authors. This book introduces the T-SQL language and its many uses, and serves as a comprehensive guide at a beginner through intermediate level. Our goal in writing this book was to cover all the basics thoroughly and to cover the most common applications of T-SQL at a deeper level. Depending on your role and skill level, this book will serve as a companion to the other Wrox books in the Microsoft SQL Server Beginning and Professional series.. This book will help you to learn: * How T-SQL provides you with the means to create tools for managing databases of different size, scope, and purpose * Various programming techniques that use views, user-defined functions, and stored procedures * Ways to optimize query performance * How to create databases that will be an essential foundation to applications you develop later Each section of this book organizes topics into logical groups so the book can be read cover-to-cover or can be used as a reference guide for specific topics. We start with an introduction to the T-SQL language and data management systems, and then continue with the SQL Server product fundamentals. This first section teaches the essentials of the SQL Server product architecture and relational database design principles. This section (Chapters 1–3) concludes with an introduction to the SQL Server administrator and developer tools. The next section, encompassing Chapters 4 through 9, introduces the T-SQL language and teaches the core components of data retrieval, SQL functions, aggregation and grouping, and multi-table queries. We start with the basics and build on the core structure of the SQL SELECT statement, progressing to advanced forms of SELECT queries. Chapter 10 introduces transactions and data manipulation. You will learn how the INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements interact with the relational database engine and transaction log to lock and modify data rows with guaranteed consistency. You will not only learn to use correct SQL syntax but will understand how this process works in simple terms. More advanced topics in the concluding section will teach you to create and manage T-SQL programming objects, including views, functions, and stored procedures. You learn to optimize query performance and use T-SQL in application design, applying the query design basics to real-world business solutions. Chapter 15 contains a complete tutorial on using SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services to visualize data from the T-SQL queries you create. The book concludes with a comprehensive set of reference appendixes for command syntax, system stored procedures, information schema views, file system commands, and system management commands. The material in this book applies to all editions of Microsoft SQL Server 2005 and 2008. To use all the features discussed, we recommend that you install the Developer Edition, although you can also use the Enterprise, Standard, or Workgroup editions. SQL Server 2005 Developer Edition or SQL Server 2008 Developer Edition can be installed on a desktop computer running Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows Vista. You can also use Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, or Windows Server 2008 with the Enterprise or Standard edition. The SQL Server client tools must be installed on your desktop computer and the SQL Server relational database server must be installed on either your desktop computer or on a remote server with network connectivity and permission to access. Consult www.microsoft.com/sql for information about the latest service packs, specific compatibilities, and minimum recommend system requirements. The examples throughout this book use the following sample databases, which are available to download from Microsoft: the sample database for SQL Server 2005 is called AdventureWorks, and the sample database for SQL Server 2008 is called AdventureWorks2008. Because the structure of these databases differs significantly, separate code samples are provided throughout the book for these two version-specific databases. An example using the AdventureWorks2008DW database for SQL Server 2008 is also used in Chapter 15.