WebRTC实战：构建实时通信应用

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《Learning WebRTC》是一本专为Web开发者打造的指南，旨在帮助他们构建易于使用的实时通信应用，利用WebRTC平台进行互动交流。本书适合对HTML5和JavaScript有一定了解，但对WebRTC API尚不熟悉的开发者，无论经验多少，都能在阅读中获得深入理解。书中的内容涵盖了WebRTC的基础到高级主题，包括： 1. **入门与基础知识**：章节1介绍了WebRTC的基本概念，探讨了当前音频和视频通信的方式，以及如何在Web上启用音频和视频功能。这部分讲解了浏览器如何捕获用户的摄像头和麦克风输入，以及音频和视频的编码与解码过程。 2. **获取用户媒体**：第二章重点在于指导开发者如何安全地获取用户的媒体设备权限，并演示如何创建一个简单的媒体流页面，以及如何限制流的质量（如视频分辨率和帧率）以适应不同设备。 3. **基本应用构建**：通过实例教学，读者将学会如何创建一个支持音频和视频通话的WebRTC应用程序。这包括了解会话管理和网络传输的原理，以及如何遵循Web标准来开发兼容多浏览器的应用。 4. **信令与服务器实现**：第4章深入剖析信令服务器的构建，使用Node.js为WebRTC应用提供连接管理，包括介绍RTCDatagramChannel对象及其在数据传输中的作用，以及如何添加文本聊天功能。 5. **扩展功能**：接下来的章节涉及多个用户连接、文件共享以及高级安全性和性能优化。读者将学习如何运用全网状网络、部分网状网络和多点控制单元等技术来管理大规模实时通信。 6. **兼容性与实践应用**：书中还讨论了WebRTC在各种主流浏览器（如Chrome、Firefox、Opera）及移动操作系统（Android和iOS）的兼容性，并给出了针对Internet Explorer的支持策略。通过本书的学习，读者将对WebRTC协议和API有全面的理解，能够设计并实现高效、安全的实时通信应用。无论是希望踏入WebRTC领域的初学者，还是寻求技术进阶的开发者，都能从中受益匪浅。

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Preface

When I first started writing HTML code, I was excited. Here I was typing letters into

the keyboard, each one giving the computer some instructions that it knew what to do

with. I was excited that I was creating something and that these instructions allowed me

to express my creativity. When I finally saved my work, fired up my browser, and

loaded my page, I was in awe. I saw my name in big bold letters with a moving picture,

called a GIF, of an animated fire.

The Web has certainly come a long way since then. This is largely due to the fact that it

is not just a place to create something new, but also a platform to share and show this

creativity to others. This powerful platform for creative expression is what powers the

Web and keeps it growing faster than ever. It has become so popular that we are moving

our entire lives onto it. Websites power your e-mail, entertainment, bank accounts, legal

documents, taxes, and even parts of this book were written using web tools. It is the

want to move our lives to the Web that drives the development of powerful, easy-to-use

APIs, such as WebRTC.

WebRTC is one of the most substantial additions to the Web platform. It brings about an

entire suite of new technologies, such as cameras, streaming data, and even an entirely

new network protocol stack. It is amazing to not only see the amount of work going into

the WebRTC API, but also to know that this is all free for use by any application

developer out there.

The aim of WebRTC is to democratize real-time communication. Earlier, building even

a smaller video communication application used to take months and involved custom

engineering to make even the smallest of applications. However, now we can do it in

half the time or even less. This also brings the open source community into real-time

communication. You can find other examples of WebRTC in the world and look at how

these applications are built by searching through the source code.

It is this creative expression and freedom provided by the Web that drives the

motivations for this book. I am glad to have the chance to bring it to more people

through my writing, and I hope to inspire others just as I was inspired the first time I

built a web page. Writing this book is one of the largest and toughest things I have done

in my career, but I am grateful for all the help I have had along the way.

If you are looking for the easiest way to create a new real-time experience and share

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Getting Started with WebRTC, covers how WebRTC enables audio and

video communication for web-based applications. You will also begin by running an

example of a WebRTC application inside your browser.

Chapter 2, Getting the User's Media, covers the first step when creating a

communication application to get webcam and microphone input. This chapter also

covers how to use the Media Capture and Streams API to capture this information from

you. We also begin development by building the foundation of our communication

example.

Chapter 3, Creating a Basic WebRTC Application, covers an introduction to the first

WebRTC API—the RTCPeerConnection. This chapter also lays the groundwork for

creating a WebRTC application by peeking inside the complex structure of WebRTC

and what we can expect when we begin working with the API.

Chapter 4, Creating a Signaling Server, covers the steps in creating our very own

signaling server to help our clients find each other on the Internet. This includes in-

depth information on how signaling works in WebRTC and how we will utilize it in our

example application.

Chapter 5, Connecting Clients Together, covers the actual usage of our signaling

server. It also covers connecting two users successfully using the WebRTC API, Media

Capture, and the signaling server that we created in the previous chapter to build our

working example.

Chapter 6, Sending Data with WebRTC, covers an introduction to the RTCDataChannel

and how it is used to send raw data between two peers. This chapter elaborates on our

example by adding a text-based chat for our clients.

Chapter 7, File Sharing, elaborates on the concept of sending raw data by looking at

how we can share files between two peers. This will demonstrate the many uses of

WebRTC outside of audio and video sharing.

Chapter 8, Advanced Security and Large-scale Optimization, covers advanced topics

when delivering a large-scale WebRTC application. We look at theoretical security and

performance optimizations used by other companies in the industry.

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