片上网络:下一代数字电路通信核心技术

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"片上网络(On-chip Networks)是现代集成电路设计中解决多核心处理器、内存和其他子系统间通信的关键技术。它采用类似于计算机网络的架构,通过通道、缓冲器、开关和控制逻辑实现高速、高效的数据交换,以替代传统总线和交叉开关结构。随着芯片集成度的提升,片上网络成为了克服长总线延迟和设计复杂性挑战的有效方案,提高了系统性能和可扩展性。" 片上网络(On-chip Networks)是数字电路设计的一个重要领域,特别是在多核处理器系统(System-on-Chip, SoC)中,它扮演着至关重要的角色。这种技术允许系统内的各个组件通过一个复杂的网络进行通信,而不再依赖单一的总线或者交叉开关。这种设计模式降低了通信延迟,增加了带宽,并允许更灵活的资源分配。 片上网络的设计包含多个关键组成部分: 1. **拓扑结构**:这决定了网络中节点(如处理器和存储单元)如何物理连接。常见的拓扑有环形、网格、星形和树形等,每种都有其独特的优点和适用场景。 2. **路由算法**:路由决定了数据包如何从源节点传输到目标节点。高效的路由策略可以减少冲突,提高网络利用率。 3. **流量控制**:流量控制机制确保数据传输的平稳,防止拥塞,同时确保服务质量(QoS)。 4. **路由器微体系结构**:路由器是片上网络的核心,负责数据包的转发和调度。其设计直接影响网络性能。 5. **链路体系结构**:链路是节点间的通信路径,包括编码、解码、错误检测和校正等技术。 片上网络的出现解决了传统总线结构的局限,比如长线延迟、带宽竞争和设计复杂性。随着摩尔定律的推进,芯片上的组件数量不断增加,片上网络技术的重要性也日益凸显。例如,它有助于实现分布式内存访问,改善并行计算的效率,支持异构计算架构,以及在硬件层次上实现虚拟化。 片上网络的第二版可能涉及了近年来的新发展,如低功耗设计、错误恢复策略、网络性能优化和新的架构创新。这些进展进一步推动了片上网络技术在数据中心、嵌入式系统和高性能计算等领域的应用。 片上网络是现代计算机系统设计的关键技术,它通过优化通信架构,提高了系统的整体性能和可扩展性,是应对集成电路复杂性挑战的重要解决方案。对于深入理解和应用片上网络技术,读者可以参考相关专业书籍或咨询领域专家获取更多信息。
2020-06-16 上传
来自MIT大佬Natalie Enright Jerger、Tushar Krishna、以及Li-Shiuan Peh总结的体系结构片上网络(onchip network)的学习材料(目前主要用于MIT相关课程教学)。 英文摘要:This book targets engineers and researchers familiar with basic computer architecture concepts who are interested in learning about on-chip networks. This work is designed to be a short synthesis of the most critical concepts in on-chip network design. It is a resource for both understanding on-chip network basics and for providing an overview of state of-the-art research in on-chip networks. We believe that an overview that teaches both fundamental concepts and highlights state-of-the-art designs will be of great value to both graduate students and industry engineers. While not an exhaustive text, we hope to illuminate fundamental concepts for the reader as well as identify trends and gaps in on-chip network research. With the rapid advances in this field, we felt it was timely to update and review the state of the art in this second edition. We introduce two new chapters at the end of the book. We have updated the latest research of the past years throughout the book and also expanded our coverage of fundamental concepts to include several research ideas that have now made their way into products and, in our opinion, should be textbook concepts that all on-chip network practitioners should know. For example, these fundamental concepts include message passing, multicast routing, and bubble flow control schemes. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Interface with System Architecture / Topology / Routing / Flow Control / Router Microarchitecture / Modeling and Evaluation / Case Studies / Conclusions / References / Authors' Biographies 是学习NOC等领域的非常好的材料。