PMBOK 5版升级：十大知识领域与47项管理过程详解

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PMBOK第五版，全称为《项目管理知识体系指南》（Project Management Body of Knowledge, PMBOK Guide）- 第五版，是Project Management Institute (PMI) 发布的一份权威指南，用于指导项目管理人员进行有效的项目管理实践。该版本在2012年发布，相比于之前的版本，引入了重要的变化。首先，它将原来的九大知识领域扩展为十大知识领域，这表明了对项目管理理论的深化和细化，旨在提供更为全面的理解框架。具体的变化可能包括但不限于： 1. **十大知识领域**： - 范围管理 - 项目整合管理 - 时间管理 - 成本管理 - 质量管理 - 人力资源管理 - 沟通管理 - 风险管理 - 购买商关系管理 - 采购管理 2. **47个项目管理过程**：原有的42个管理过程扩展到了47个，这表明了对项目生命周期中的每一个环节有更细致的关注，每个过程都可能涉及多个子过程，如需求识别、范围定义、风险评估等。 3. **框架更新**：新版PMBOK强调了项目的整体性，不仅关注项目执行阶段，还涵盖了启动、规划、监控和收尾等各个阶段，强调项目管理的系统性和连贯性。 4. **标准化与专业认证**：PMBOK第五版继续支持PMP（项目管理专业人士）认证，这一认证在全球范围内被广泛认可，反映了国际项目管理的最佳实践。 5. **版权与反馈机制**：PMI确保其出版物的准确性，鼓励读者提出任何发现的错误或改进意见，通过复制错误页面并标注后直接寄送给书刊编辑，体现了PMI对于专业知识严谨态度和持续改进的决心。 PMBOK第五版不仅是项目管理者必备的参考手册，也是组织提升项目管理水平，推动项目成功实施的重要工具。对于希望深入理解和应用项目管理的人来说，无论是学习还是职业发展，这本指南都是不可或缺的资源。同时，它也反映了PMI作为一个专业机构对项目管理行业的持续贡献和行业标准的制定者角色。

XII

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 4-2. Develop Project Charter: Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs .............................66

Figure 4-3.

Develop Project Charter Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................67

Figure 4-3. Develop Project Charter Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................72

Figure 4-5. Develop Project Management Plan Data Flow Diagram ..................................................73

Figure 4-6. Direct and Manage Project Work: Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs ............... 79

Figure 4-7.

Direct and Manage Project Work: Data Flow Diagram ..................................................... 80

Figure 4-8. Monitor and Control Project Work: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................. 86

Figure 4-9. Monitor and Control Project Work Data Flow Diagram ....................................................87

Figure 4-10.

Perform Integrated Change Control: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..............94

Figure 4-11. Perform Integrated Change Control Data Flow Diagram..................................................95

Figure 4-12. Close Project or Phase: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................. 100

Figure 4-13. Close Project or Phase Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................101

Figure 5-1. Project Scope Management Overview ............................................................................106

Figure 5-2. Plan Scope Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................107

Figure 5-3. Plan Scope Management Data Flow Diagram ................................................................107

Figure 5-4.

Collect Requirements: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................111

Figure 5-5. Collect Requirements Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................111

Figure 5-6. Example of a Requirements Traceability Matrix .............................................................119

Figure 5-7.

Define Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................................120

Figure 5-8. Define Scope Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................120

Figure 5-9. Create WBS: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................................125

Figure 5-10. Create WBS Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................... 126

XIII

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 5-11. Sample WBS Decomposed Down Through Work Packages ........................................... 129

Figure 5-12.

Sample WBS Organized by Phase ...................................................................................130

Figure 5-13. Sample WBS with Major Deliverables .............................................................................130

Figure 5-14. Validate Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................133

Figure 5-15. Validate Scope Data Flow Diagram .................................................................................133

Figure 5-16.

Control Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................................... 136

Figure 5-17. Control Scope Data Flow Diagram ..................................................................................137

Figure 6-1. Project Time Management Overview ..............................................................................143

Figure 6-2.

Scheduling Overview .......................................................................................................144

Figure 6-3. Plan Schedule Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................ 145

Figure 6-4. Plan Schedule Management Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................145

Figure 6-5. Define Activities: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........................................149

Figure 6-6. Define Activities Data Flow Diagram ..............................................................................150

Figure 6-7. Sequence Activities: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .....................................153

Figure 6-8. Sequence Activities Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................... 154

Figure 6-9.

Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) Relationship Types ......................................157

Figure 6-10. Examples of Lead and Lag ..............................................................................................158

Figure 6-11. Project Schedule Network Diagram ................................................................................160

Figure 6-12.

Estimate Activity Resources: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................ 161

Figure 6-13. Estimate Activity Resources Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................161

Figure 6-14. Estimate Activity Durations: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .........................166

Figure 6-15. Estimate Activity Durations Data Flow Diagram ............................................................166

XIV

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 6-16 Develop Schedule: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................................173

Figure 6-17.

Develop Schedule Data Flow Diagram ............................................................................ 173

Figure 6-18. Example of Critical Path Method ..................................................................................... 177

Figure 6-19. Example of Critical Chain Method ................................................................................... 178

Figure 6-20. Resource Leveling ...........................................................................................................179

Figure 6-21.

Project Schedule Presentations —Examples .................................................................183

Figure 6-22. Control Schedule: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .......................................... 185

Figure 6-23. Control Schedule Data Flow Diagram .............................................................................186

Figure 7-1.

Project Cost Management Overview ............................................................................... 194

Figure 7-2. Plan Cost Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................ 195

Figure 7-3. Plan Cost Management: Data Flow Diagram ..................................................................196

Figure 7-4. Estimate Costs: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................200

Figure 7-5. Estimate Costs Data Flow Diagram.................................................................................201

Figure 7-6. Determine Budget: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................................208

Figure 7-7. Determine Budget Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................................209

Figure 7-8.

Project Budget Components ............................................................................................ 213

Figure 7-9. Cost Baseline, Expenditures, and Funding Requirements .............................................214

Figure 7-10. Control Costs: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................................ 215

Figure 7-11.

Control Costs Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................215

Figure 7-12. Earned Value, Planned Value, and Actual Costs .............................................................219

Figure 7-13. To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI) ..........................................................................222

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 8-1. Project Quality Management Overview ...........................................................................230

Figure 8-2.

Fundamental Relationships of Quality Assurance and Control Quality to the IPECC,

PDCA, Cost of Quality Models and Project Management Process Groups.....................231

Figure 8-3. Plan Quality Management Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................232

Figure 8-4.

Plan Quality Management Data Flow Diagram ...............................................................232

Figure 8-5. Cost of Quality .................................................................................................................. 235

Figure 8-6. The SIPOC Model .............................................................................................................. 237

Figure 8-7.

Storyboard Illustrating a Conceptual Example of Each of the Seven

Basic Quality Tools ..........................................................................................................239

Figure 8-8. Perform Quality Assurance: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .......................... 243

Figure 8-9. Perform Quality Assurance Data Flow Diagram .............................................................243

Figure 8-10. Storyboard Illustrating the Seven Quality Management and Control Tools ..................246

Figure 8-11.

Control Quality: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................249

Figure 8-12. Control Quality Data Flow Diagram ................................................................................. 249

Figure 9-1. Project Human Resource Management Overview ..........................................................257

Figure 9-2.

Plan Human Resource Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........258

Figure 9-3. Plan Human Resource Management Data Flow Diagram ..............................................258

Figure 9-4.

Roles and Responsibility Definition Formats .................................................................. 261

Figure 9-5. RACI Matrix ......................................................................................................................262

Figure 9-6. Illustrative Resource Histogram......................................................................................266

Figure 9-7.

Acquire Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...................................267

Figure 9-8. Acquire Project Team Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................268

XVI

Guide) – Fifth Edition

List of tABLEs And figurEs

Figure 9-9. Develop Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................273

Figure 9-10.

Develop Project Team Data Flow Diagram .....................................................................273

Figure 9-11. Manage Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................279

Figure 9-12. Manage Project Team Data Flow Diagram .....................................................................280

Figure 10-1. Project Communications Management Overview ..........................................................288

Figure 10-2.

Plan Communications Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........289

Figure 10-3. Plan Communications Management Data Flow Diagram ..............................................289

Figure 10-4. Basic Communication Model ..........................................................................................294

Figure 10-5.

Manage Communications: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................ 297

Figure 10-6. Manage Communications Data Flow Diagram ...............................................................298

Figure 10-7. Control Communications: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................303

Figure 10-8. Control Communications Data Flow Diagram ................................................................304

Figure 11-1. Project Risk Management Overview ...............................................................................312

Figure 11-2. Plan Risk Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................ 313

Figure 11-3. Plan Risk Management Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................313

Figure 11-4.

Example of a Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)..............................................................317

Figure 11-5. Identify Risks: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...............................................319

Figure 11-6. Identify Risks Data Flow Diagram...................................................................................320

Figure 11-7.

Influence Diagram ...........................................................................................................326

Figure 11-8. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............... 328

Figure 11-9. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis Data Flow Diagram ..................................................328

Figure 11-10. Probability and Impact Matrix.........................................................................................331

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PMBOK 5版升级：十大知识领域与47项管理过程详解

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