N-LUT方法加速3D视频全息图生成：减少计算复杂与内存需求

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本文主要探讨了在快速生成数字三维视频全息图方面的一些计算方法。随着3D显示技术的发展，对实时、高效的全息图像生成需求日益增加，传统的基于光路追踪（ray-tracing）和查找表（lookup table, LUT）的方法在计算复杂度和内存需求上存在挑战。文章特别关注了一种新颖的查找表方法——新型查找表（N-LUT）算法。 N-LUT方法的核心在于引入了“主衍射模式”这一概念，通过预先计算并存储关键的衍射图案，大大减少了生成3D对象全息图所需的计算量。这种方法显著降低了传统方法中的复杂性问题，减少了内存占用，从而使得实时生成高质量的3D全息视频成为可能。N-LUT的优势在于它能够利用数据冗余，特别是在3D视频中，帧与帧之间以及帧内部的空间和时间冗余，通过去除这些冗余信息，进一步减少了计算时间。在3D视频中，由于连续帧之间的视觉信息往往相似，而帧内的重复纹理或运动细节较多，N-LUT方法能够智能地识别并利用这种结构，通过动态更新或采样来高效处理，而不是重复计算整个序列。这种技术在多媒体应用，如虚拟现实、增强现实和游戏等领域具有重要意义，因为它提高了用户体验，降低了系统负载，并且对于实时交互和动态场景的全息展示极其有利。总结来说，这篇邀请论文提出了一种创新的计算策略，旨在优化3D视频全息图的生成过程，通过N-LUT方法结合冗余数据的管理，实现了计算效率和存储需求的有效平衡。这不仅推动了3D显示技术的进步，也为未来的全息影像实时应用开辟了新的途径。研究人员将继续探索更高效的数据压缩和处理技术，以实现更高级别的全息体验。

Decemb er 10, 2009 / Vol. 7, No. 12 / CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS 1083

Computational approaches for fast generation

of digital 3D video holograms

Invited Paper

Seung-Cheol Kim and Eun-Soo Kim

∗

3D Display Research Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University,

Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 139-701, Korea

∗

E-mail: eskim@kw.ac.kr

Received July 17, 2009

Several approaches for fast generation of digital holograms of a three-dimensional (3D) object have been

discussed. Among them, the novel look-up table (N-LUT) method is analyzed to dramatically reduce the

numb er of pre-calculated fringe patterns required for computation of digital holograms of a 3D object

by employing a new concept of principal fringe patterns, so that problems of computational complexity

and huge memory size of the conventional ray-tracing and look-up table methods have been considerably

alleviated. Meanwhile, as the 3D video images have a lot of temporally or spatially redundant data in

their inter- and intra-frames, computation time of the 3D video holograms could be also reduced just by

removing these redundant data. Thus, a couple of computational methods for generation of 3D video

holograms by combined use of the N-LUT method and data compression algorithms are also presented

and discussed. Some experimental results finally reveal that by using this approach a great reduction of

computation time of 3D video holograms could be achieved.

OCIS codes: 090.1760, 090.5694, 050.1940, 999.9999 (look-up table).

doi: 10.3788/COL20090712.1083.

1 Introduction

Recently, a lot of research works have been actively done

on the three-dimensional (3D) imaging and display tech-

nology due to its high interests throughout the world

[1−7]

Among them, the holographic technology has been par-

ticularly regarded as one of the promising and attractive

approaches for creating the most authentic illusion of ob-

serving volumetric objects. It is because the holographic

technology can supply very high-quality object images

and accurate depth cues viewed by human eyes without

any special observation devices

[8−11]

However, recording holograms of real 3D objects in the

optical holographic system may demand wave interfer-

ence between the two intense laser beams with a high de-

gree of coherence between them in a dark room. There-

fore, this system must be kept to be very stable since

even a very slight movement can destroy the interference

fringes, in which both intensity and phase information

of the 3D objects are contained. These requirements, to-

gether with the development and printing processes, have

prevented conventional hologram recorders from becom-

ing widely used in the outdoor recording.

As a partial solution for these limitations of the

conventional holographic system, a new approach, so-

called computer-generated hologram (CGH), has been

suggested

[12]

. A CGH is a digital hologram generated

by computing the interference pattern produced by the

object and the reference waves. Using this CGH pat-

tern, an electro-holographic 3D display system can be

constructed

[13]

In this approach, a ray-tracing method has been orig-

inally employed for calculating the contributions at the

hologram plane from each object point source. That is,

an object image to b e generated can be approximated as

a collection of self-luminous points of light, therefore the

fringe patterns for all object points are calculated with

the ray-tracing method and added up to obtain the whole

interference pattern of the object image.

This method can produce arbitrary 3D images includ-

ing image-plane holograms, in which images might lie in

the vicinity of the hologram, so that it might be more

suitable for various display geometries. However, this

approach shows a computation complexity, since it re-

quires one by one calculation of the fringe pattern per

image point per hologram sample. Thus, real-time gen-

eration of the CGH pattern for a 3D image could not be

achievable

[14]

To overcome this problem, a look-up table (LUT)

method has b een presented by Lucente

[14]

. In this

method, an object image to be generated is also ap-

proximated as a collection of self-luminous points of

light likewise the case of the ray-tracing method, but all

fringe patterns corresponding to point source contribu-

tions from each of the possible locations in image volume

are pre-calculated and stored in the LUT. Then, in the

process of CGH generation, fringe patterns for each point

in the object image can be generated just by accessing the

corresponding ones from the pre-calculated LUT, which

is contrary to the ray-tracing method, where fringe pat-

terns for all object points are directly calculated on the

one by one basis. Therefore, a great increase in computa-

tion speed can be obtained with this LUT method. But

the greatest drawback of this approach is the enormous

memory size of the LUT

[15]

Recently, a novel look-up table (N-LUT) method to be

able to significantly reduce the number of pre-calculated

interference patterns required for generation of digital

holograms has been proposed

[15]

. In this N-LUT method,

1671-7694/2009/121083-09

° 2009 Chinese Optics Letters

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