Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) 1.3 规范

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"JSR 206 Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) 1.3 是一个Java规范，由Sun Microsystems的Jeff Suttor、Norman Walsh和Kohsuke Kawaguchi共同编写。这个规范是XML处理的Java API的1.3版本，发布于2004年9月1日。JSR 206的专家小组对Java社区的审查和反馈表示感谢。所有评论和建议可以通过<JSR-206-comments@JCP.org>提交。" JSR 206 Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) 是Java平台上的一个核心API，用于处理XML文档，包括解析、转换和查询功能。JAXP 1.3是该API的一个重要版本，它在之前的版本基础上进行了改进和增强，提供了更强大的XML处理能力。 1. **XML解析**：JAXP提供了一个统一的接口来处理不同的XML解析器，如DOM（Document Object Model）、SAX（Simple API for XML）和TrAX（Transformers API for XML）。用户可以通过JAXP API选择使用解析模型，而无需直接与特定的解析器库交互。 2. **XSLT转换**：JAXP支持XSLT（Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations），允许开发者将XML文档转换成其他格式，如HTML或PDF。这通过Transformer接口实现，可以执行基于XSL样式表的转换。 3. **XPath查询**：JAXP提供了XPath API，允许开发者在XML文档中进行数据定位和提取。XPath是一种简洁的语言，用于选取XML文档中的节点。 4. **DOM和SAX API增强**：JAXP 1.3可能包含了DOM和SAX API的改进，以提高性能和易用性，例如更好的内存管理，以及对XML Schema的支持。 5. **安全性**：随着XML在Web服务和企业级应用中的广泛应用，JAXP 1.3可能加强了安全特性，比如对数字签名和加密的支持，以确保XML数据的安全传输和验证。 6. **兼容性和互操作性**：作为Java标准的一部分，JAXP 1.3确保了与其他Java XML API的兼容性，并且能够与不同平台和供应商实现互操作。 7. **API稳定性**：作为Final Release版本，JAXP 1.3的API应该是稳定的，这意味着开发者可以依赖这些接口进行长期开发，而不用担心未来版本的重大更改。 JAXP 1.3的发布，对于那些需要在Java应用程序中处理XML的开发者来说，是一个重要的里程碑，它提供了标准化的工具集，简化了XML处理的复杂性，提高了开发效率。同时，JAXP 1.3还鼓励了社区参与和反馈，进一步促进了XML处理技术在Java生态系统中的发展。

Simple API for XML (SAX)

This specification supports Simple API for XML (SAX) 2.0.2 (sax2r3) [http://sax.sourceforge.net/] and Simple API

for XML (SAX) 2.0.2 (sax2r3) Extensions [http://sax.sourceforge.net/?selected=ext].

Simple API for XML (SAX) 2.0.2 (sax2r3) is a product of the SAX Community [http://sax.sourceforge.net/].

This specification includes by reference Simple API for XML (SAX) 2.0.2 (sax2r3) and Simple API for XML (SAX)

2.0.2 (sax2r3) Extensions in their entirety for the purposes of defining Simple API for XML (SAX) 2.0.2 (sax2r3) in

the APIs defined herein.

The API packages included by reference are:

•

org.xml.sax

•

org.xml.sax.ext

•

org.xml.sax.helpers

Final 1.0.06

Endorsed Specifications

Chapter 3. Plugability Layer

The endorsed APIs provide broad and useful functionality. However, the use of a SAX or a DOM parser typically requires

knowledge of the specific implementation of the parser. Providing the functionality of the endorsed APIs in the Java

Platform, while allowing choice of the implementation of the parser, requires a Plugability layer.

This section of the specification defines a Plugability mechanism to allow a compliant SAX or DOM parser to be used

through the abstract javax.xml.parsers and javax.xml.transform API.

SAX Plugability

The SAX Plugability classes allow an application programmer to provide an implementation of the

org.xml.sax.DefaultHandler API to a SAXParser

implementation and parse XML documents. As the

parser processes the XML document, it will call methods on the provided DefaultHandler.

In order to obtain a SAXParser

instance, an application programmer first obtains an instance of a SAXParser

Factory

. The SAXParserFactory

instance is obtained via the static newInstance method of the SAX

ParserFactory

class.

This method uses the following ordered lookup procedure to determine the SAXParserFactory implementation class

to load:

•

Use the javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory system property.

• Use the properties file "lib/jaxp.properties" in the JRE directory. This configuration file is in standard

java.util.Properties format and contains the fully qualified name of the implementation class with the key being

the system property defined above. The jaxp.properties file is read only once by the JSR 206 Java™API for XML

Processing (JAXP) 1.3 implementation and it’s values are then cached for future use. If the file does not exist when

the first attempt is made to read from it, no further attempts are made to check for its existence. It is not possible

to change the value of any property in jaxp.properties after it has been read for the first time.

• Use the Services API (as detailed in the JAR specification), if available, to determine the classname. The Services

API will look for the classname in the file META-INF/services/javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory in jars

available to the runtime.

•

Platform default SAXParserFactory

instance.

If the SAXParserFactory

implementation class cannot be loaded or instantiated at runtime, a FactoryCon

figurationError is thrown. This error message should contain a descriptive explanation of the problem and how

the user can resolve it.

The instance of SAXParserFactory

can optionally be configured by the application programmer to provide

parsers that are namespace aware, or validating, or both. These settings are made using the setNamespaceAware

and setValidating methods of the factory. The application programmer can then obtain a SAXParser

imple

mentation instance from the factory. If the factory cannot provide a parser configured as set by the application program

mer, then a ParserConfigurationException is thrown.

Examples

The following is a simple example of how to parse XML content from a URL:

Final 1.0.07

the system property defined above. The jaxp.properties file is read only once by the JSR 206 Java™API for XML

Processing (JAXP) 1.3 implementation and it’s values are then cached for future use. If the file does not exist when

the first attempt is made to read from it, no further attempts are made to check for its existence. It is not possible

to change the value of any property in jaxp.properties after it has been read for the first time.

• Use the Services API (as detailed in the JAR specification), if available, to determine the classname. The Services

API will look for the classname in the file META-INF/services/javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory in jars

available to the runtime.

•

Platform default DocumentBuilderFactory

instance.

If the DocumentBuilderFactory

implementation class cannot be loaded or instantiated at runtime, a Fact

oryConfigurationError is thrown. This error message should contain a descriptive explanation of the problem

and how the user can resolve it.

The instance of DocumentBuilderFactory

can optionally be configured by the application programmer to

provide parsers that are namespace aware or validating, or both. These settings are made using the set

NamespaceAware and setValidating methods of the factory. The application programmer can then obtain a

DocumentBuilder

implementation instance from the factory. If the factory cannot provide a parser configured

as set by the application programmer, then a ParserConfigurationException is thrown.

Reliance on SAX API

The DocumentBuilder reuses several classes from the SAX API. This does not mean that the implementor of the un

derlying DOM implementation must use a SAX parser to parse the XML content, only that the implementation com

municate with the application using these existing and defined APIs.

Examples

The following is a simple example of how to parse XML content from a URL:

DocumentBuilder builder;

DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

String location = "http://myserver/mycontent.xml";

try {

builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();

Document document = builder.parse(location);

} catch (SAXException se) {

// handle error

} catch (IOException ioe) {

// handle error

} catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {

// handle error

}

The following is an example of how to configure a factory to produce parsers to be namespace aware and validating:

DocumentBuilder builder;

DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

factory.setNamespaceAware(true);

factory.setValidating(true);

Final 1.0.09

Plugability Layer

String location = "http://myserver/mycontent.xml";

try {

builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();

Document document = builder.parse(location);

} catch (SAXException se) {

// handle error

} catch (IOException ioe) {

// handle error

} catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {

// handle error

}

An example of how one could pass the System property as a command line option is:

java -Djavax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory=org.apache.xerces.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl

user.parserApp

XSLT Plugability

The XSLT Plugability classes allow an application programmer to obtain a Transformer object that is based on a spe

cific XSLT stylesheet from a TransformerFactory implementation. In order to obtain a Transformer object, a programmer

first obtains an instance of the TransformerFactory. The TransformerFactory instance is obtained via the static newIn

stance method of the TransformerFactory class.

This method uses the following ordered lookup procedure to determine the TransformerFactory implementation class

to load:

•

Use the javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory system property

• Use the properties file "lib/jaxp.properties" in the JRE directory. This configuration file is in standard

java.util.Properties format and contains the fully qualified name of the implementation class with the key being

the system property defined above. The jaxp.properties file is read only once by the JSR 206 Java™API for XML

Processing (JAXP) 1.3 implementation and it’s values are then cached for future use. If the file does not exist when

the first attempt is made to read from it, no further attempts are made to check for its existence. It is not possible

to change the value of any property in jaxp.properties after it has been read for the first time.

• Use the Services API (as detailed in the JAR specification), if available, to determine the classname. The Services

API will look for the classname in the file META-INF/services/javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory in jars

available to the runtime.

•

Platform default TransformerFactory

instance.

If the TransformerFactory

implementation class cannot be loaded or instantiated at runtime, a Transformer

FactoryConfigurationError is thrown. This error message should contain a descriptive explanation of the

problem and how the user can resolve it.

Examples

The following is a simple example of how to transform XML content:

Transformer transformer;

TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();

String stylesheet = "file:///home/user/mystylesheet.xsl";

Final 1.0.010

Plugability Layer

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