振 动 与 冲 击
第 34 卷第 5 期 JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK Vol.34 No.5 2015
基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(201 1 BAG10B01 ),中国博士后
科学基金(2013M541538)
收稿日期:2013 -09 -23 修改稿收到日期:2014 -03 -14
第一作者 孙文静 女,博士,1989 年生
通信作者 周劲松 男,教授,博士生导师,1969 年生
一系螺旋弹簧动刚度对车辆 -轨道耦合振动影响分析
孙文静
1,2
,宫 岛
2
,周劲松
2
,李 卓
3
(1 .同济大学 机械与能源工程学院,上海 201804;2.同济大学 铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海 201804;
3.北京汽车股份有限公司 汽车研究院,北京 101300)
摘 要:
建立准确表征一系悬挂轴箱螺旋弹簧波动特性的力学模型,运用动刚度矩阵法求解,研究其对悬挂系统
隔振性能影响。结合基于格林函数法的车辆 -轨道耦合动力学模型,引入弹簧刚度频变特性,对比分析考虑一系螺旋弹
簧频变刚度前后车辆动力学性能之间的差异。结果表明,动刚度矩阵法可以精确求解螺旋弹簧随频率变化的动刚度特
性,在一阶模态振动频率后弹簧刚度值呈现 10
3
等级的剧烈变化,该结果与有限元模型结果一致;一系螺旋弹簧的动态频
率特性导致轮轨激励由车轮至构架的振动位移传递率提高到接近于 1,而对车体的振动传递率提高到了 10
-3
左右;在整
车车辆 -轨道动力学计算中,其对轮轨振动影响较小,但车体与构架出现了较高的高频振动能量峰值。包含一系悬挂动
刚度的车辆模型更接近实际,为了降低车辆振动,应尽量提高一系螺旋弹簧自振频率并降低动刚度变化幅值。
关键词:一系悬挂;螺旋弹簧;动刚度矩阵法;刚度频变特性;车辆 -轨道耦合振动
中图分类号:U270 +1 文献标志码:A DOI:10.13465 /j.cnki.jvs.2015.05.009
Influence of dynamic stiffness of primary suspension on vehicle-track coupled vibration
SUN Wen-jing
1,2
,GONG Dao
2
,ZHOU Jin-song
2
,LI Zhuo
3
(1 .School of Mechanical Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;
2.Institute of Railway and Urban Mass Transit,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;
3.Beijing Car and Limited by Share Ltd Automobile Research Institute,Beijing 101300,Chin)
Abstract: The dynamic model of helical spring in axle box of primary suspension,which can be solved by using
dynamic stiffness matrix method,was established to get its dynamic stiffness for studying the effect of waves propagating in
helical spring on the vibration isolation performance of primary suspension.Then,the dynamic stiffness characteristics
were introduced into the vehicle-track coupled dynamic model which was then solved with Green’s function method for
comparing the dynamic performances between the models with constant stiffness and dynamic stiffness.The results show
that the frequency-dependent stiffness can be calculated efficiently with the dynamic stiffness matrix method and the spring
stiffness has a thousand-flod dramatic change at the frequency higher than the first modal frequency.This conclusion was
verified with the finite element method.This change led to high vibration displacement transmission rate from wheel to
bogie at high frequencies,it was shown that it is nearly equal to 1 ,while the tramission rate from wheel to car body is
about 10
-3
.There are lots of vibration peaks at high frequencies on car body and bogie in vehicle-track coupled dynamic
simulation,which are much stronger than those on wheel or rail;the vehicle model including dynamic stiffness of primary
suspension spring is more realistic;in order to reduce vehicle vibration,the modal frequency of spring should be raised
and the varying of dynamic stiffness amplitude should be as small as possible.
Key words:primary suspension;helical spring;dynamic stiffness matrix method;frequency-dependent dynamic
stiffness;vehicle-track coupled vibration
螺旋弹簧是轨道车辆一系悬挂的重要组成部分, 其性能直接影响车辆动力学性能,我国部分型号高速
列车及和谐号机车出现螺旋弹簧断裂的现象,这表明
有必要对车辆螺旋弹簧自身振动及其对高速车辆振动
的影响展开深入研究。随着列车速度提高,轮轨激励
频率增加,以往动力学分析中,简化的螺旋弹簧线性刚
度难以表达其高频振动传递特性。