Oracle 11gR2 数据仓库构建速成指南

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Oracle Database 11gR2 2 Day Developer's Guide 是一本专为Oracle数据库11g Release 2 (11.2) 开发者编写的实用教程。该指南由主要作者Sheila Moore编写，并由Pat Huey、Sharon Kennedy、Simon Law、Roza Leyderman、Bryn Llewellen、Chuck Murray和Mark Townsend等多位专家共同贡献。这本书旨在为读者提供构建Oracle数据仓库的基础知识，帮助开发人员快速理解和掌握在Oracle 11gR2环境中进行高效数据处理和分析的最佳实践。本书覆盖的主要内容可能包括但不限于以下几点： 1. **Oracle数据库概述**：介绍Oracle数据库的基本架构、特性、以及11gR2相对于前版本的改进，如安全性增强、性能优化和新功能集成。 2. **安装与配置**：详述如何在11gR2上设置和配置数据库环境，包括创建数据库实例、管理数据库角色和权限、以及配置数据仓库相关的组件如Oracle Data Warehouse Utilities (DWHU)。 3. **数据模型设计**：涵盖了星型、雪花型和维度模型等常见的数据仓库设计模式，以及如何使用Oracle的星形Join Architecture (SJRA)来组织和优化数据。 4. **ETL（提取、转换、加载）过程**：介绍了如何使用Oracle提供的工具如Oracle SQL Developer、Data Pump、Golden Gate等进行数据抽取、清洗、转换和加载到数据仓库的过程。 5. **OLAP（在线分析处理）技术**：讨论了如何使用Oracle Business Intelligence (OBIEE)或其他OLAP工具进行数据分析和报告创建，包括多维数据集(MDs)和事实表的使用。 6. **安全与性能最佳实践**：涵盖了如何确保数据安全，如使用Oracle Security Configuration Manager (SCM)和SQL Tuning Advisor，以及如何优化查询性能以支持大规模数据处理。 7. **案例研究与实战演练**：书中可能会包含几个实际项目的例子，通过这些项目让读者了解如何将理论知识应用于实际工作场景。 8. **许可证和法律注意事项**：提醒读者关于软件使用许可协议的要求，以及未经许可不得进行的活动，比如逆向工程或解码软件。 Oracle Database 11gR2 2 Day Developer's Guide是一本深入浅出的指南，适合希望通过学习11gR2系统快速入门Oracle数据库开发和数据仓库管理的开发人员使用，它提供了实用的技巧和策略，有助于提升开发者的技能和效率。

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Related Documents

As you become comfortable with the concepts and tasks in this document, Oracle

recommends that you consult other Oracle Database development documents,

especially:

■ Oracle Database 2 Day + Application Express Developer's Guide

■ Oracle Database 2 Day + Java Developer's Guide

■ Oracle Database 2 Day + .NET Developer's Guide

■ Oracle Database 2 Day + PHP Developer's Guide

For more information, see:

■ Oracle Database Advanced Application Developer's Guide

■ Oracle Database Concepts

■ Oracle Database SQL Language Reference

■ Oracle Database PL/SQL Language Reference

Conventions

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About Oracle Database

1-2 Oracle Database 2 Day Developer's Guide

Chapter 5, "About DML Statements and Transactions," introduces data manipulation

language (DML) statements and transactions. DML statements add, change, and delete

Oracle Database table data. A transaction is a sequence of one or more SQL statements

that Oracle Database treats as a unit: either all of the statements are performed, or

none of them are.

Chapter 6, "Creating and Managing Schema Objects," introduces data definition

language (DDL) statements, which create, change, and drop schema objects. The

tutorials and examples show how to create the objects for the sample application.

Chapter 7, "Developing Stored Subprograms and Packages," introduces stored

subprograms and packages, which can be used as building blocks for many different

database applications. The tutorials and examples show how to create the package of

subprograms for the sample application.

Chapter 8, "Using Triggers," introduces triggers, which are stored PL/SQL units that

automatically execute ("fire") in response to specified events. The tutorials and

examples show how to create the triggers for the sample application.

Chapter 9, "Working in a Global Environment," introduces globalization

support—National Language Support (NLS) parameters and Unicode-related features

of SQL and PL/SQL.

Chapter 10, "Deploying an Oracle Database Application," explains how to deploy a

database application—that is, how to install it in one or more environments where

other users can run it—using the sample application as an example.

About Oracle Database

Oracle Database groups related information into logical structures called schemas. The

logical structures are called schema objects. When you connect to the database by

providing your user name and password, you specify the schema and indicate that

you are its owner. In Oracle Database, the user name and the name of the schema to

which the user connects are the same.

Topics:

■ About Schema Objects

■ About Oracle Database Access

About Schema Objects

Every object in an Oracle Database belongs to only one schema, and has a unique

name with that schema.

Some of the objects that schemas can contain are:

■ Ta bles

Tables are the basic units of data storage in Oracle Database. Tables hold all

user-accessible data. Each table contains rows that represent individual data

records. Rows are composed of columns that represent the fields of the records.

For more information, see "Creating and Managing Tables" on page 6-2.

■ Indexes

Indexes are optional objects that can improve the performance of data retrieval

from tables. Indexes are created on one or more columns of a table, and are

automatically maintained in the database. For more information, see "Managing

Indexes" on page 6-14.

About Oracle Database

Introduction 1-3

■ Views

You can create a view that combines information from several different tables into

a single presentation. A view can rely on information from both tables and other

views. For more information, see "Creating and Managing Views" on page 6-17.

■ Sequences

When all records of a table must be distinct, you can use a sequence to generate a

serial list of unique integers for numeric columns, each of which represents the ID

of one record. For more information, see "Creating and Managing Sequences" on

page 6-20.

■ Synonyms

Synonyms are aliases for schema objects. You can use synonyms for security and

convenience; for example, to hide the ownership of an object or to simplify SQL

statements. For more information, see "Creating and Managing Synonyms" on

page 6-22.

■ Stored subprograms

Stored subprograms (also called schema-level subprograms) are procedures and

functions that are stored in the database. They can be invoked from client

applications that access the database. For more information, see "Developing

Stored Subprograms and Packages" on page 7-1.

Tr ig g er s are stored subprograms that are automatically run by the database when

specified events occur in a particular table or view. Triggers can restrict access to

specific data and perform logging. For more information, see "Using Triggers" on

page 8-1.

■ Packages

A package is a group of related subprograms, along with the explicit cursors and

variables they use, stored in the database as a unit, for continued use. Like stored

subprograms, package subprograms can be invoked from client applications that

access the database. For more information, see "Developing Stored Subprograms

and Packages" on page 7-1.

Typically, the objects that an application uses belong to the same schema.

About Oracle Database Access

You can access Oracle Database only through a client program, such as SQL*Plus or

SQL Developer. The client program's interface to Oracle Database is Structured Query

Language (SQL). Oracle provides an extension to SQL called Procedural

Language/SQL (PL/SQL).

Topics:

■ About SQL*Plus

■ About SQL Developer

■ About Structured Query Language (SQL)

■ About Procedural Language/SQL (PL/SQL)

■ About Other Client Programs, Languages, and Development Tools

See Also: Oracle Database Concepts for a comprehensive introduction

to schema objects

About Oracle Database

1-4 Oracle Database 2 Day Developer's Guide

About SQL*Plus

SQL*Plus (pronounced sequel plus) is an interactive and batch query tool that is

installed with every Oracle Database installation. It has a command-line user interface

that acts as the client when connecting to the database.

SQL*Plus has its own commands and environment. In the SQL*Plus environment, you

can enter and run SQL*Plus commands, SQL statements, PL/SQL statements, and

operating system commands to perform tasks such as:

■ Formatting, performing calculations on, storing, and printing query results

■ Examining tables and object definitions

■ Developing and running batch scripts

■ Performing database administration

You can use SQL*Plus to generate reports interactively, to generate reports as batch

processes, and to output the results to text file, to screen, or to HTML file for browsing

on the Internet. You can generate reports dynamically using the HTML output facility.

You can use SQL*Plus in SQL Developer. For details, see Oracle Database SQL Developer

User's Guide.

About SQL Developer

SQL Developer (pronounced sequel developer) is a graphic version of SQL*Plus, written

in Java, that is available in the default installation of Oracle Database and by free

download.

The SQL Developer user interface includes a navigation frame, tools (with menus),

and a SQL Worksheet. From the SQL Worksheet, you can enter and run SQL

statements, PL/SQL statements, and SQL*Plus commands. You can do some

tasks—for example, creating a table—either in the SQL Worksheet or with the

navigation frame and tools.

To see the name and keyboard equivalent of any SQL Developer icon, position your

cursor over the icon.

About Structured Query Language (SQL)

Structured Query Language (SQL) (pronounced sequel) is the set-based, high-level

computer language with which all programs and users access data in Oracle Database.

SQL is a declarative, or nonprocedural, language; that is, it describes what to do, but

not how. You specify the desired result set (for example, the names of current

employees), but not how to get it.

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