JavaScript全攻略：为PHP开发者量身打造

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"《JavaScript for PHP Developers》是一本专为PHP开发者设计的指南，由Stoyan Stefanov撰写，于2013年出版。随着互联网技术的发展，JavaScript在现代Web开发中的地位日益重要，它不仅限于浏览器环境，而是扩展到客户端、服务器端、桌面、移动和命令行应用的构建。HTML5的兴起更是推动了JavaScript在构建富应用（RIA、Ajax和DHTML）方面的角色，提供了诸如本地存储、客户端数据库、地理位置定位、图像和音频视频处理等新功能，这些都可以通过JavaScript进行访问和编程操作。本书针对已熟悉PHP的开发者，旨在帮助他们理解和掌握JavaScript语言，以适应不断变化的Web开发需求。内容涵盖了JavaScript的基础知识，如语法、DOM操作、异步编程（如Promise和Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, AJAX）、事件驱动编程、以及与HTML5 API的整合。此外，书中还可能涉及Node.js的使用，因为JavaScript在服务器端的生态也日益活跃。作者Stoyan Stefanov以其丰富的经验和深入浅出的讲解，确保读者能快速上手并在实际项目中灵活运用JavaScript。无论是初次接触JavaScript的PHP开发者，还是希望扩展技能包的专业人士，这本书都是一份宝贵的参考资料。值得注意的是，该书是O'Reilly Media出版的，享有版权保护，并提供在线版本供读者购买或获取。此外，它还包含了编辑、生产编辑、校对人员和索引员的专业合作，确保内容的质量和准确性。对于想要了解本书更详细的信息，如错误报告和修订历史，读者可以访问O'Reilly的在线资源页面（http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449320195）。《JavaScript for PHP Developers》是一本实用的工具书，帮助PHP开发者跨越语言界限，提升Web开发的全面能力，使之成为现代Web开发不可或缺的一部分。"

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As it turns out, most of the problems have historically been (and let’s be honest, still

are) due to browser differences in the implementation of DOM and BOM, and to a

much smaller extent, the JavaScript language itself.

DOM stands for Document Object Model. It’s an API (application programming inter‐

face) for working with structured documents such as those written in XML, XHTML,

and HTML. DOM is a language-independent API that also exists in PHP. In JavaScript,

this API is easily spotted: anything that starts with document. has to do with the DOM.

As a point of historical interest, DOM started in JavaScript and was later standardized

by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as an API independent of JavaScript or

any other language. These days, you can still unearth remnants of that primordial DOM

(now called DOM0)—things like document.images (all images on a page) and docu

ment.links (all links), which were replaced in DOM version 1 with more generic

methods such as document.getElementById() and document.getElementsByTag

Name().

BOM stands for Browser Object Model. It’s a nice name for something that’s not formally

defined. It’s a collection of browser-related properties and methods, such as available

screen size or the status bar. Most of these properties are available as globals such as

innerWidth, although you most often see them used as properties of the window object

(e.g., window.innerWidth). BOM hasn’t been standardized for a long time, so as you

can imagine, there are some differences across browsers. HTML5 started to codify

common behavior among browsers, including the common BOM objects.

Another term you need to know is ECMAScript. This is the core JavaScript language

when you strip out the DOM and BOM. It’s the language that deals with syntax, loops,

functions, objects, and so on. JavaScript started as a Netscape innovation, but was later

copied by other browser vendors, raising the need for this language to establish a stan‐

dard to which all implementors (browser vendors and others) would need to conform.

This standard was defined by the European Computer Manufacturers Association (EC‐

MA), now Ecma International, and called ECMAScript. These days, JavaScript should

technically mean Mozilla’s implementation of ECMAScript (there’s also JScript, which

is Microsoft’s implementation), but that’s not what people mean when they say “Java‐

Script.”

All in all, when people talk about JavaScript, they may mean an array of topics, including

DOM, BOM, and ECMAScript. So:

JavaScript = ECMAScript + DOM + BOM

Scope of This Book

A good thing that has happened since the early days of the Web is that now there is a

wide availability of high-quality JavaScript libraries, such as jQuery and YUI (Yahoo!

2 | Chapter 1: Introduction

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User Interface Library). These libraries take the pain out of development by providing

an API layer that abstracts the differences in the browser implementations of DOM and

BOM—and sometimes ECMAScript itself.

The scope of this book is ECMAScript, the language itself. DOM is something you’re

probably already familiar with from PHP, and BOM is not really that interesting (it’s

just a collection of global variables and functions). Plus, you can always use a library to

abstract the DOM and BOM. This book is independent of any particular JavaScript

library, allowing you to focus on the core language and pick a library of your choice

when you need one.

The book uses the term JavaScript to mean ECMAScript because using “ECMAScript”

is uncommon and just plain awkward. The focus is on the most popular version of the

language, ECMAScript 3 (ES3). The standards body skipped version 4 and the latest

version at the time of this book’s publication is ECMAScript 5.1, which is also referred

to as ES5. Although ES5 is already widely available, you cannot rely on it if you want to

support older browsers, such as Internet Explorer before version 9. Chapter 6 details

what’s new and different in ES5, and will help you to decide whether or not to use it. It

works even in old browsers via a “shim,” or “polyfill,” as you’ll see in “Shims” on page 112.

The Language

Once you strip out all the DOM/BOM browser hell, what you have left is JavaScript—

a beautiful, small language with a familiar C-like syntax and just a handful of built-in

objects.

It’s a popular language that’s practically everywhere: on the client, server, mobile phones,

desktop, and shell. Even inside PHP you can embed JavaScript using the V8Js PHP class.

It’s actually harder to find an environment where you cannot run JavaScript, which

means you can learn one language and use it everywhere.

It’s also an odd language when you approach it from the perspective of a PHP developer.

Here are some things to be aware of early on and look for as you progress through this

book:

•

Functions in JavaScript are objects. Arrays and regular expressions are objects, too.

• Functions provide scope, and local variable scope is achieved by wrapping the code

in a function.

•

Closures are used heavily. Although closures have existed in PHP since version 5.3,

they are not yet commonly used in PHP. In JavaScript, they are everywhere.

• Prototypes are an important concept in JavaScript for which there is no equivalent

in PHP. It’s one of the ways JavaScript accomplishes code reuse and inheritance.

The Language | 3

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