GCC 8.1 编译器指南：免费获取与使用

需积分: 10 67 浏览量更新于2024-07-18 收藏 3.76MB PDF 举报

"《GCC 8.1手册》是GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 的官方文档，针对版本8.1.0进行了详尽的介绍。该手册由Richard Stallman和GCC开发者社区编写，由GNUPress出版，隶属于Free Software Foundation。该版本的印刷版于2003年10月发行，适用于GCC 3.3.1，单本售价为45美元。本书的核心内容围绕如何使用GCC 8.1进行编程和开发，包括编译器的基础知识、语法特性、选项解析、目标平台支持、优化技巧以及调试指导等。对于C、C++、Objective-C、Fortran等多种编程语言的支持都有详细说明。此外，手册还强调了GNU自由软件的精神，即自由复制、分发和修改软件的权利，这是遵循GNU Free Documentation License（版本1.3或更高）的，此许可证允许用户在特定条款下享有对文档的自由使用权。版权方面，该手册的版权归Free Software Foundation所有，自1988年至2018年。封面文本体现了GNU手册与GNU软件的自由精神，即前封面文字为“一个GNU手册”，后封面文字为“你可以像GNU软件一样自由复制和修改这个手册”。购买的实体副本以及电子版本都受到这份许可证的约束。在阅读《GCC 8.1手册》时，读者可以深入了解如何利用这个强大的编译器工具链进行高效、高质量的程序开发，并了解其在开源社区中的重要地位和作用。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的程序员，都能从中受益匪浅，学习到关于代码编译和优化的最佳实践，以及如何遵循自由软件运动的原则。"

Chapter 2: Language Standards Supported by GCC 5

2 Language Standards Supported by GCC

For each language compiled by GCC for which there is a standard, GCC attempts to follow

one or more versions of that standard, possibly with some exceptions, and possibly with

some extensions.

2.1 C Language

The original ANSI C standard (X3.159-1989) was ratiﬁed in 1989 and published in 1990.

This standard was ratiﬁed as an ISO standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990) later in 1990. There

were no technical diﬀerences between these publications, although the sections of the ANSI

standard were renumbered and became clauses in the ISO standard. The ANSI standard,

but not the ISO standard, also came with a Rationale document. This standard, in both

its forms, is commonly known as C89, or occasionally as C90, from the dates of ratiﬁ-

cation. To select this standard in GCC, use one of the options ‘-ansi’, ‘-std=c90’ or

‘-std=iso9899:1990’; to obtain all the diagnostics required by the standard, you should

also specify ‘-pedantic’ (or ‘-pedantic-errors’ if you want them to be errors rather than

warnings). See Section 3.4 [Options Controlling C Dialect], page 35.

Errors in the 1990 ISO C standard were corrected in two Technical Corrigenda published

in 1994 and 1996. GCC does not support the uncorrected version.

An amendment to the 1990 standard was published in 1995. This amendment added

digraphs and __STDC_VERSION__ to the language, but otherwise concerned the library. This

amendment is commonly known as AMD1; the amended standard is sometimes known as

C94 or C95. To select this standard in GCC, use the option ‘-std=iso9899:199409’ (with,

as for other standard versions, ‘-pedantic’ to receive all required diagnostics).

A new edition of the ISO C standard was published in 1999 as ISO/IEC 9899:1999, and

is commonly known as C99. (While in development, drafts of this standard version were

referred to as C9X.) GCC has substantially complete support for this standard version; see

http://gcc.gnu.org/c99status.html for details. To select this standard, use ‘-std=c99’

or ‘-std=iso9899:1999’.

Errors in the 1999 ISO C standard were corrected in three Technical Corrigenda published

in 2001, 2004 and 2007. GCC does not support the uncorrected version.

A fourth version of the C standard, known as C11, was published in 2011 as ISO/IEC

9899:2011. (While in development, drafts of this standard version were referred to as

C1X.) GCC has substantially complete support for this standard, enabled with ‘-std=c11’

or ‘-std=iso9899:2011’. A version with corrections integrated is known as C17 and is

supported with ‘-std=c17’ or ‘-std=iso9899:2017’; the corrections are also applied with

‘-std=c11’, and the only diﬀerence between the options is the value of __STDC_VERSION__.

By default, GCC provides some extensions to the C language that, on rare occasions con-

ﬂict with the C standard. See Chapter 6 [Extensions to the C Language Family], page 439.

Some features that are part of the C99 standard are accepted as extensions in C90 mode,

and some features that are part of the C11 standard are accepted as extensions in C90 and

C99 modes. Use of the ‘-std’ options listed above disables these extensions where they

conﬂict with the C standard version selected. You may also select an extended version of

the C language explicitly with ‘-std=gnu90’ (for C90 with GNU extensions), ‘-std=gnu99’

(for C99 with GNU extensions) or ‘-std=gnu11’ (for C11 with GNU extensions).

6 Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)

The default, if no C language dialect options are given, is ‘-std=gnu11’.

The ISO C standard deﬁnes (in clause 4) two classes of conforming implementation. A

conforming hosted implementation supports the whole standard including all the library

facilities; a conforming freestanding implementation is only required to provide certain

library facilities: those in <float.h>, <limits.h>, <stdarg.h>, and <stddef.h>; since

AMD1, also those in <iso646.h>; since C99, also those in <stdbool.h> and <stdint.h>;

and since C11, also those in <stdalign.h> and <stdnoreturn.h>. In addition, complex

types, added in C99, are not required for freestanding implementations.

The standard also deﬁnes two environments for programs, a freestanding environment,

required of all implementations and which may not have library facilities beyond those

required of freestanding implementations, where the handling of program startup and ter-

mination are implementation-deﬁned; and a hosted environment, which is not required,

in which all the library facilities are provided and startup is through a function int main

(void) or int main (int, char *[]). An OS kernel is an example of a program running

in a freestanding environment; a program using the facilities of an operating system is an

example of a program running in a hosted environment.

GCC aims towards being usable as a conforming freestanding implementation, or as the

compiler for a conforming hosted implementation. By default, it acts as the compiler for a

hosted implementation, deﬁning __STDC_HOSTED__ as 1 and presuming that when the names

of ISO C functions are used, they have the semantics deﬁned in the standard. To make it act

as a conforming freestanding implementation for a freestanding environment, use the option

‘-ffreestanding’; it then deﬁnes __STDC_HOSTED__ to 0 and does not make assumptions

about the meanings of function names from the standard library, with exceptions noted

below. To build an OS kernel, you may well still need to make your own arrangements for

linking and startup. See Section 3.4 [Options Controlling C Dialect], page 35.

GCC does not provide the library facilities required only of hosted implementations, nor

yet all the facilities required by C99 of freestanding implementations on all platforms. To

use the facilities of a hosted environment, you need to ﬁnd them elsewhere (for example, in

the GNU C library). See Section 13.5 [Standard Libraries], page 844.

Most of the compiler support routines used by GCC are present in ‘libgcc’, but there

are a few exceptions. GCC requires the freestanding environment provide memcpy, memmove,

memset and memcmp. Finally, if __builtin_trap is used, and the target does not implement

the trap pattern, then GCC emits a call to abort.

For references to Technical Corrigenda, Rationale documents and information concerning

the history of C that is available online, see http://gcc.gnu.org/readings.html

2.2 C++ Language

GCC supports the original ISO C++ standard published in 1998, and the 2011 and 2014

revisions.

The original ISO C++ standard was published as the ISO standard (ISO/IEC 14882:1998)

and amended by a Technical Corrigenda published in 2003 (ISO/IEC 14882:2003). These

standards are referred to as C++98 and C++03, respectively. GCC implements the majority

of C++98 (export is a notable exception) and most of the changes in C++03. To select

this standard in GCC, use one of the options ‘-ansi’, ‘-std=c++98’, or ‘-std=c++03’; to

剩余957页未读，继续阅读

lzwillforever

粉丝: 0
资源: 3

GCC 8.1 编译器指南：免费获取与使用

gcc-8.1.0编译安装集

gcc 8.1 windows 64bit

mingw 16.0 (gcc8.1)

mingw-gcc-win-8.1.0.7z

gcc-4.8.0 gcc-4.9.0 gcc-5.1.0 gcc-6.1.0 gcc-7.1.0 gcc-8.1.0 gcc-9.1.0.7z

QAC-8.1-ReleaseNotes

mingw-w64-x86-8.1

gdb-8.1.tar.gz

【gcc-4.8.2 】+【gcc-setup manual】.7z

gcc-4.1.0.tar.gz_gcc for linux_gcc-2.95.3_gcc-4.1.0.tar.gz _linu

最新资源