使用C#编程OPC UA客户端：SIMATIC NET OPC UA服务器指南

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"OPC_UAClient是用于与SIMATIC NET OPC UA Server通信的C#编程示例，由西门子提供。" OPC UA（OPC统一架构）是一种工业通信标准，它允许不同设备和系统之间的数据交换。OPC UA不仅提供了数据访问的功能，还包含了安全、事件和信息模型等高级特性，旨在实现工业自动化领域的互操作性。C#是微软开发的一种面向对象的编程语言，特别适合构建Windows平台上的应用程序，包括OPC UA客户端。在"Programming a OPC UA .NET Client with C# for the SIMATIC NET OPC UA Server"的应用描述中，我们看到这是关于如何使用C#语言创建一个能够与SIMATIC NET OPC UA Server交互的客户端应用程序的指南。SIMATIC是西门子的自动化产品系列，而SIMATIC NET OPC UA Server是该系列中的服务器组件，它允许来自不同来源的设备和服务通过OPC UA协议进行通信。文档结构分为多个部分，从基本概念到详细步骤，涵盖了以下知识点： 1. **Automation Task 1**：这部分可能介绍了应用的基本目标和任务，可能涉及OPC UA客户端如何连接到服务器并读写数据。 2. **Automation Solution 2**：可能详细阐述了实现OPC UA通信的具体解决方案，包括客户端设计和实现的策略。 3. **Basics 3**：基础理论，可能包括OPC UA的核心概念、数据类型、服务和方法。 4. **Function Mechanisms**：这一部分详细解释了应用程序的工作原理，包括客户端如何利用OPC UA协议进行通信。 5. **Configuration 5**：配置步骤，指导用户如何设置OPC UA客户端连接参数，如服务器地址、安全设置等。 6. **Installation 6**：安装过程，可能包含客户端库的下载和安装，以及必要的系统配置。 7. **Startup of the Application 7**：启动和运行应用程序的说明，可能包括调试和错误处理。 8. **Operating the Application 8**：操作指南，提供使用客户端进行数据交换的详细步骤，以及一些技巧和建议。 9. **Further Notes, Tips and Tricks, etc.**：额外的注意事项、技巧和窍门，可能有助于优化性能或解决常见问题。 10. **Reference 9**：参考资料，可能包含相关的API文档、标准规范和其他学习资源。 11. **History 10**：更新历史，记录了软件的版本变化和改进。这篇文档不仅对西门子的客户有价值，对于任何想用C#编程语言实现OPC UA客户端的人来说都是宝贵的资源，因为它提供了实际的代码示例和详尽的说明。此外，西门子提供了在线支持和文档下载链接，方便用户获取最新信息和技术帮助。

2 Automation Solution

2.2 Description of the core functionality

.NET OPC-UA Client

1.0, Entry ID: 42014088

Overview and description of the convenient interface (OPC UA .NET client)

The figure and table below describe the interface of the generic OPC UA client

example with which the information of the address space of an OPC UA server can

be conveniently accessed.

The interface also permits browsing the symbolic S7 variables.

Figure 2-5

Table 2-4

No. Description

The server can be selected via the Endpoints selection list. For this purpose the list of the

available OPC UA servers from the corresponding network node is determined. The computer,

from which the list is to be prompted, can be entered in the Node text field. If the field is empty,

the list will be determined on the local computer.

The URL of the OPC UA server can also be entered manually. The URL for the SIMATIC NET

OPC UA server it is made up of opc.tcp://<name of computer>:4845.

The connection to the server can be established via the Connect button.

In Browse Control the entire address space of the connected server is shown in a hierarchical

tree view. Only hierarchical references are displayed.

For the selected nodes in the Browse Control the attributes are read and they are displayed in

this control.

With Drag&Drop the variables can be dragged from Browse Control to the monitoring window.

For the variable, the nodeId, the sampling interval, the value, the time stamp and the status code

is displayed.

The properties of the subscription and monitored items can be changed via the context menu in

the monitoring window or via the application menu. This is how e.g. the sampling interval can be

changed.

The dialog for writing can also be opened. Doing this, accepts the variables marked in the

monitoring window in the dialog.

3 Basics

3.1 OPC basics

.NET OPC-UA Client

1.0, Entry ID: 42014088

3 Basics

3.1 OPC basics

Overview

In recent years, the OPC Foundation (an interest grouping of well-known

manufacturers for the definition of standard interfaces) has defined a large number

of software interfaces to standardize the information flow from the process level to

the management level. According to the different requirements within an industrial

application, four different OPC specifications have been developed: Data Access

(DA), Alarm & Events (A&E), Historical Data Access (HDA) and Data eXchange

(DX). Access to process data is described in the DA specification, A&E describes

an interface for event-based information, including acknowledgement, HDA

describes functions for archived data and DX defines a lateral server to server

communication.

Based on the experience with this classic OPC interface, the OPC Foundation

defined a new platform, called OPC Unified Architecture (UA). Aim of this new

standard is the generic description and uniform access to all information which is to

be exchanged between systems or applications. This includes the functionality of

all previous OPC interfaces. Furthermore, it is to generate the possibility to natively

integrate the interface in the respective system, irrespective of on which operating

system the system is operated and irrespective of the programming language in

which the system was created.

This example deals with the OPC Unified Architecture interface. A detailed

documentation is available on the SIMATIC NET CD. Further information is

available at www.opcfoundation.org

What is OPC

In the past, OPC was a collection of software interfaces for data exchange between

PC applications and process devices. These software interfaces have been defined

according to the rules of Microsoft COM (Component Object Model) and can

therefore easily be integrated into Microsoft operating systems. COM or DCOM

(distributed COM) provides the functionality of the inter-process communication

and organizes the exchange of information between applications even beyond

computer boundaries (DCOM). With the help of the mechanisms of the Microsoft

operating system, OPC clients (COM client) can exchange information with an

OPC server (COM server).

The OPC server provides process information of a device on its interface. The

OPC client connects itself with the OPC server and can access the offered data.

Using COM or DCOM has the effect that OPC servers and clients can only be

operated on a Windows PC or in the local network and that they mainly have to

realize communication to the respective automation system via proprietary

protocols. Additional tunnelling tools have to be used for the network

communication between client and server in order to get through firewalls or to

avoid the complicated DCOM configuration. The interface can furthermore only be

accessed natively with C++ applications, .NET or JAVA applications can only

access via a wrapper layer. In practise, these restrictions lead to additional

communication and software layers which increase the configuration effort and the

complexity.

Due to the widespread use OPC, the standard is increasingly used for the general

connection of automation systems and no longer only for the original application as

driver interface in HMI and SCADA systems to access process information.

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