TeV能区π-质子截面研究：基于LHCf新中子光谱数据
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"这篇论文是关于使用大型强子对撞机(LHC)的大型强子对撞机实验(LHCf)获取TeV能量区域内的π-质子总截面的最新研究。通过分析主要中子光谱的数据，研究人员展示了具体的提取过程，并在不同碰撞能量下收集了π-质子截面的最终结果，同时与一些流行理论预测进行了对比，并对结果的误差进行了估计。"
文章详细讨论了基于LHCf合作组在中子主导谱上的最新数据，如何实现TeV能量范围内π-质子的总交叉截面测量。π-质子截面是粒子物理学中的一个关键参数，它描述了π介子和质子相互作用的概率。在高能物理实验中，这些截面的精确测量对于理解基本粒子间的相互作用以及验证理论模型至关重要。
在这项工作中，作者R.A.Ryutina详细介绍了提取π-质子总截面的具体步骤，这是一个涉及复杂数据分析的过程，需要处理大量的实验数据并进行误差分析。通过在不同的碰撞能量下收集数据，可以得到更全面的能量依赖性信息，这对于检验理论模型的能量行为非常有价值。
论文提到了之前的研究，其中利用LHC的领先中子谱来提取π+p和π+π+散射过程的总、弹性及包涵双喷注截面。这些研究扩展了我们对强相互作用的理解，尤其是对于强子之间的相互作用，这是标准模型的重要组成部分。
在分析部分，π-质子截面的最终结果与现有的一些理论预测进行了比较。这可能包括基于量子色动力学(QCD)的计算，或者其他基于模型的预言。这种比较有助于评估理论模型的准确性和可靠性，如果观测结果与理论预测存在显著差异，可能意味着我们需要对现有的物理理论进行修正或发展新的理论框架。
此外，论文还估计了结果的误差，这是科学研究中非常重要的一步，因为它提供了测量不确定性以及潜在系统误差的信息。通过这样的误差分析，其他研究人员可以评估这些结果在后续研究中的应用价值，以及它们对整个领域的贡献程度。
这篇开放获取的文章为理解TeV能量尺度上的π-质子相互作用提供了新的见解，对于高能物理学家来说是一份宝贵的资源。通过实验数据与理论预测的对比，它推动了我们对强相互作用的理解，同时也为未来的粒子物理实验和理论研究指明了方向。
Eur. Phys. J. C (2017) 77:114
DOI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4690-3
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Total pion–proton cross section from the new LHCf data on
leading neutrons spectra
R. A. Ryutin
a
Institute for High Energy Physics, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Protvino 142 281, Russia
Received: 22 December 2016 / Accepted: 8 February 2017 / Published online: 17 February 2017
© The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract In the light of the latest data by the LHCf collab-
oration of the LHC on leading neutrons spectra it is possible
to obtain total pion–proton cross sections in the TeV energy
region. In this work the exact extraction procedure is shown.
Final results for the pion–proton cross section are collected
at several different values of the colliding energy and com-
pared with some popular theoretical predictions. The errors
of the results are estimated.
1 Introduction
In previous papers we brought forward (and discussed) the
idea of using the leading neutrons spectra at LHC to extract
the total [1], elastic [2], and inclusive di-jet [3] cross sec-
tions of the π
+
p and π
+
π
+
scattering processes. Actually,
this could allow the use of the LHC as a πp and ππ collider.
Certainly, at LHC it would be difficult to measure exclusive
channels but, instead, inclusive spectra of fast leading neu-
trons seem to give an excellent occasion to get pion cross
sections at unimaginable energies, 1–5 TeV in the c.m.s. For
further motivation and technical details we refer the reader
to Refs. [1–4].
The process of leading neutron production has been stud-
ied at several experiments in photon–hadron [5–12] and
hadron–hadron [13–19] colliders.
In this paper we consider process of the type p + p →
n + X in the light of new data from the LHCf collabora-
tion [20]. Recently some calculations were made in [21–24],
where the authors paid attention basically to the photon–
proton reaction, while for hadron collisions the situation was
estimated to be not so clear (see [23,24]).
The leading neutron production is dominated by π
exchange [21–24] and we have a chance to extract total π
+
p
cross sections.
a
e-mail: Roman.Rioutine@cern.ch
Since the energy becomes large, we have to take into
account effects of soft rescattering which can be calculated as
corrections to the Born approximation. In the calculations of
such absorptive effects we use Regge-eikonal approach [25],
which is corrected by the use of new data from TOTEM [26].
In the first part of the paper an overview of the method is
given, while in the last section this method is applied to the
recent data from the LHCf collaboration [20].
The result shows that our previous proposals to use this
method in CMS ZDC look rather realistic.
2 Single pion exchange and a method to extract
pion–proton total cross section
Details of calculations can be found in [1,2]. Here we give
an overview of basic methods. As an approximation for π
exchanges we use the formulas shown graphically in Fig. 1.
In the model we have to take into account absorptive cor-
rections depicted as S in Fig. 1. In our previous papers we
used the model [27] with three pomerons for this task. In
the present work we apply the Regge-eikonal model [25]
with three pomerons and two odderons, since it better fits
the data, including also the latest results from TOTEM [26].
Although in the region of the Single Charge Exchange (SCE)
process (3) at the LHC almost all the models describe the data
rather well, and possible theoretical errors are small.
We consider only absorption in the initial state (elas-
tic absorption), since other corrections are not so impor-
tant at very low values of t. Arguments in favor of this
statement can be found, for example, in Ref. [21], where
different types of corrections were analyzed. Although
some authors [23,28,29] argued that there is an additional
suppression due to interactions of “color octet states” in
proton remnants with the final neutron, we have some
doubts that the lifetime of final state fluctuations is large
enough and interaction between colorless neutron with “color
123
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