PHP实战：构建Web 2.0应用

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"这本书是《Practical Web 2.0 Applications with PHP》的英文原版，作者Quentin Zervaas，是一本关于使用PHP开发Web 2.0应用的专业著作，旨在帮助读者从头到尾构建一个完整的PHP Web应用程序。" 在Web 2.0的时代，PHP作为一门强大的服务器端脚本语言，被广泛用于构建交互性和动态性极强的网站。本书深入探讨了如何利用PHP技术来实现Web 2.0的应用特性，如富互联网应用程序（RIA）、社交网络、用户生成内容、Ajax等。Web 2.0的核心理念是提高用户的参与度和互动性，而PHP凭借其灵活性和易用性，成为了实现这一目标的首选工具之一。书中可能涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **PHP基础**：首先，作者可能会介绍PHP的基础语法，包括变量、数据类型、流程控制、函数、类与对象等，以便读者掌握PHP编程的基本技能。 2. **Web 2.0概念**：解释Web 2.0的核心特征，如AJAX（异步JavaScript和XML）、RESTful API、微格式、RSS/Atom订阅、社交网络API（如Facebook和Twitter API）等。 3. **数据库交互**：PHP通常与MySQL数据库结合使用，书中的内容可能包括SQL查询、连接管理、事务处理以及使用PDO（PHP Data Objects）进行安全的数据库操作。 4. **框架和库**：可能会讨论一些流行的PHP框架（如Laravel、Symfony或CodeIgniter）和库（如jQuery、 Prototype），以及如何利用它们加速开发进程。 5. **用户认证和授权**：Web 2.0应用通常需要用户注册和登录系统，因此书中可能会介绍如何实现安全的用户认证和权限控制。 6. **模板引擎和MVC模式**：介绍如何使用模板引擎（如Smarty）和模型-视图-控制器（MVC）设计模式来分离业务逻辑和界面展示。 7. **错误处理和调试**：良好的错误处理和调试技巧对于任何开发者来说都是必不可少的，书里可能会教授如何有效地追踪和修复问题。 8. **性能优化**：如何通过缓存、负载均衡、代码优化等手段提高Web应用的性能，以应对高并发访问。 9. **安全最佳实践**：讨论如何防止SQL注入、XSS攻击等网络安全问题，确保应用程序的安全性。 10. **部署和维护**：涵盖如何将应用部署到生产环境，以及持续集成、版本控制（如Git）和自动化测试等维护策略。技术审阅者Jeff Sambells的参与保证了书中的技术信息准确且符合行业标准。这本由Apress出版的书籍，无论是对于初学者还是有经验的开发者，都将提供宝贵的指导和实战经验，帮助他们充分利用PHP的力量，构建出具有Web 2.0特色的高质量应用程序。

About the Author

■QUENTIN ZERVAAS is a web developer based in Adelaide, South Australia, where he has been

self-employed since 2003. After receiving his bachelor’s degree in computer science from the

University of Adelaide in 2001, Quentin worked for several web development firms before

branching out on his own, developing a wide range of custom web applications for customers

all around the world.

Quentin has recently started a new company called Recite Media (http://www.recite.

com.au) with two partners. Recite Media develops web applications primarily for other devel-

opment or design companies to resell. Its flagship product, Recite CMS, is being used by

some of Australia’s largest companies.

Quentin also runs and writes for his PHP development resource site, PhpRiot (www.phpriot.com),

which provides a number of useful articles on a wide variety of PHP-related topics.

After completing his role as the technical reviewer for Beginning Ajax with PHP: From

Novice to Professional (Apress, 2006), he decided to undertake writing this book.

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Introduction

Many of today’s web development books and articles cover single aspects of the development

life cycle, delving only into specific features rather than looking at the whole picture.

In this book, we will develop a complete web application. Although we will be using various

third-party libraries and tools to aid in development, we will be developing the application from

start to finish.

The focus of this book is on Web 2.0, a catchphrase that has been in use for a few years

now and is typically used to refer to web sites or web applications that have particular charac-

teristics. Some of these characteristics include the following:

•Correctly using HTML/XHTML, CSS, and other standards

•Using Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) to provide a responsive application

without requiring a full refresh of pages

• Allowing syndication of web site content using RSS

•Adding wikis, blogs, or tags

Although not everybody is an advocate of the “Web 2.0” phrase, the term does signify

forward progress in web development. And although not everybody has the need to provide

a wiki or a blog on their web site, the other characteristics listed (such as correct standards

usage) provide a good basis for a web site and should be used by all developers, regardless of

how they want their web site or application categorized.

I wrote this book because I want to share with other users how I build web sites. Having

been a web developer for ten years now (full-time for the past seven), I have a solid under-

standing of a wide range of web-related topics and have much to offer newer developers or

developers looking to expand their own knowledge.

Who This Book Is For

This book has been written primarily for intermediate to expert PHP programmers. Although

programmers of all levels will benefit from this book, we do jump in to the deep end very

quickly, so some prior knowledge of PHP is assumed.

Having said that, if you’re relatively new to PHP, you will definitely benefit from this book

because it will formalize some of the techniques you have already learned and will show you

some different ways of approaching various problems.

In this book, I have made the assumption that you are familiar with HTML and CSS,

although since most of the code developed in this book is PHP and JavaScript, an advanced

knowledge of HTML and CSS is not critical. All JavaScript code is explained thoroughly, which,

in combination with the Prototype JavaScript library we will be using, makes the listings rela-

tively straightforward.

xvii

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How This Book Is Structured

We will start the book by determining which features to implement in our web application

and then implement each one as we progress through the book. Each chapter will add a new

set of features to the application, until reaching the final chapter where we look at strategies

for deploying the application.

The specific type of application we develop in this book (a multiuser blogging system) is

not particularly important; rather, it is used simply as a tool to show you the process of devel-

oping a web application. Each chapter is specifically designed to demonstrate particular

aspects of development that may arise regardless of the type of application:

• Chapter 1, Application Planning and Design.We begin the book by looking at what

defines Web 2.0, as well as looking briefly at the features that will be implemented in

the application. Additionally, this chapter covers various aspects of the web develop-

ment life cycle that should be considered when planning and implementing web

applications.

• Chapter 2, Setting Up the Application Framework. In this chapter, we begin to imple-

ment the web application. This process begins by correctly setting up the environment

(that is, installing the correct web server software) and then by creating the initial file

structure of the site. In addition to connecting to the database with PHP, we will handle

user requests with the Zend Framework and manage HTML code using the Smarty

Template Engine.

• Chapter 3, User Authentication, Authorization, and Management. This chapter gives

the first look at using a database. We look at how to easily manage database data when

we implement the user system. Additionally, we look at how a role-based permissions

system works and then implement it into the application.

• Chapter 4, User Registration, Login, and Logout. Continuing from Chapter 3, this

chapter shows how to implement a user registration system. Since this is the first time

the book deals with user-submitted data, this chapter looks at how to correctly deal

with such data when we create the registration and login forms.

• Chapter 5, Introduction to Prototype and Scriptaculous. Since we make heavy use of

JavaScript and Ajax in later chapters, we move away from the main application in this

chapter while we explore two of the most useful JavaScript libraries available. Prototype

helps programmers develop easily maintainable cross-platform JavaScript code, while

Scriptaculous simplifies the process of adding appealing visual effects to web pages.

• Chapter 6, Styling the Web Application. In this chapter, we step back slightly from the

web application in that we focus more on the user experience rather than on the main

application features. We first look at implementing various navigational items (which

also gives us a first taste of developing custom Smarty plug-ins), and we then complete

the chapter by implementing a simple and clean web design into the application.

■INTRODUCTIONxviii

9063CH00CMP3 11/19/07 8:39 PM Page xviii

• Chapter 7, Building the Blogging System. This chapter moves on to beginning the

implementation of the blogging system. In this chapter, we give users the ability to add,

edit, and delete their blog posts. One of the key concepts covered is how to correctly

allow user-submitted HTML while keeping the site safe and secure for visitors.

• Chapter 8, Extending the Blog Manager. This chapter largely builds on what was

implemented in Chapter 7. A comprehensive Ajax example is included in this chapter

that we will use to help users manage their blogs. We also integrate an open source

What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) editor into a blog post creation form.

• Chapter 9, Personalized User Areas. At this point in the book, users can create a new

account as well as manage their very own blogs. In this chapter, we make their blogs

public in the application. We give each user a public home page within our application

web site in which all of their blog posts are shown. This chapter shows how to imple-

ment more advanced URL schemes, as well as shows you how to enable users to

customize their own experience by managing their own profiles and settings.

• Chapter 10, Implementing Web 2.0 Features. Although several of the features we

define as Web 2.0 (such as standards compliancy and Ajax) apply throughout web

applications, a few concrete features are often defined as being part of the Web 2.0

movement. In this chapter, we will look at some of these, including microformats,

web feeds (RSS and Atom), and tagging.

• Chapter 11, A Dynamic Image Gallery. In this chapter, we expand the capabilities of

the blogging system by allowing users to upload photos for each of their blog posts.

This allows us to see how to correctly handle not only file uploads but also image-

specific issues, such as dynamically generating thumbnails.

• Chapter 12, Implementing Site Search. This chapter is essentially split into two parts:

creating search indexes based on user blog posts and then allowing site visitors to

search for posts. Indexing data can be a complicated topic, but by using the tools pro-

vided by the Zend Framework, the task is made simpler. After implementing the basic

search functionality, we extend it to use an intuitive Ajax-based autocompleter, similar

to that of Google Suggest.

• Chapter 13, Integrating Google Maps. You as a developer can use many freely available

web services on the Internet to improve your own web site. In this chapter, we extend

the blog capabilities further to allow users to add locations to their blog posts using

Google Maps. We create an advanced sample implementation of Google Maps that

combines the Google Maps API with our database using Ajax, as well as learn how to

manage map data in real-time.

• Chapter 14, Deployment and Maintenance. In this, the final chapter, we cover a num-

ber of miscellaneous topics related to developing a polished application. This is partly

an extension of some functionality implemented in Chapter 2 but also introduces sev-

eral new ideas (such as application deployment).

■INTRODUCTION xix

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