Gurobi 6.0快速入门与许可证设置指南

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Gurobi快速入门指南是一份针对Gurobi优化器的用户手册，专为版本6.0设计，由Gurobi Optimization, Inc.版权所有。本指南旨在帮助新用户快速上手Gurobi，无论是学术许可、商业许可还是利用其远程服务，提供了详细的安装和配置步骤。 1. **介绍**：Gurobi是一款高效且功能强大的求解器，适用于各种复杂的数学优化问题，如线性规划、整数规划、二次规划等。这份文档首先介绍了Gurobi优化器的核心概念和优势，强调其作为最快最好的求解器的地位。 2. **获取Gurobi许可**： - **学术许可**：针对学生和教师，指南详细指导如何创建新的学术许可证，包括验证学术身份的过程。 - **商业许可**： - **命名用户或单机许可**：针对个人用户，涉及如何获取针对特定用户的许可证。 - **单用/浮动许可**：适用于企业场景，涵盖如何获取单次使用的许可证、设置和管理浮动许可证服务器，以及更新服务器和客户端许可证。 - **Compute Server许可**：针对大规模并行计算环境，提供如何获取和配置用于分布式计算的许可。 3. **软件安装**：指南还包含了安装Gurobi的具体步骤，确保用户能够在计算机上顺利运行Gurobi软件。 4. **许可证管理**：这部分是核心内容，着重于确保用户正确设置和测试他们的许可证，以避免潜在的问题。 5. **解决简单模型：Gurobi命令行接口**：通过一个实例演示了如何使用Gurobi的命令行工具来构建和解决一个简单的优化问题，让读者理解实际操作过程。 6. **交互式Shell**：介绍了Gurobi提供的交互式环境，用户可以通过它进行模型定义、参数调整和结果查看。 7. **属性**：详细列出Gurobi中的各种属性，这些属性可用于控制模型行为和调试优化过程。 8. **编程接口**：文档涵盖了Gurobi与多种编程语言（C、C++、Java、C#、Python）的集成接口，帮助开发者在各自的语言环境中高效地使用Gurobi。总结来说，Gurobi快速入门指南不仅适合初次接触Gurobi的用户，也对那些希望深入了解Gurobi许可管理、安装、编程接口的开发者非常有用。通过这份指南，用户可以全面了解如何有效地利用Gurobi优化工具处理复杂优化问题。

4.3 Setting up and using a Single-Use or Floating license

When using a single-use or ﬂoating license, a program that calls the Gurobi Optimizer must obtain

a token from a Gurobi token server before it can solve an optimization model. There are a few

steps involved in setting up such licenses. The ﬁrst is to retrieve your license key. The key should

be installed on the machine that will act as your token server. Once you have your key, you will

need to start the Gurobi token server. The token server is a process that runs in the background,

handing out available tokens to programs as they request them. Finally, each client for the token

server will need to create a token server client license to allow client programs to ﬁnd the token

server.

Note that if you are setting up a machine as a client of an existing token server, you just need to

create a token server client license.

4.3.1 Retrieving a Single-Use or Floating license

If you are using a single-use or ﬂoating license, you will need to choose a machine to act as your

Gurobi token server. This token server doles out tokens to client machines. A client will request

a token from the token server when it creates a Gurobi environment, and it will return the token

when it destroys that environment. For a single-use license, the client and the token server must be

the same machine. For a ﬂoating license, the client machine can be any machine that can reach the

token server over your network (including the token server itself). The client can run any supported

operating system. Thus, for example, a Linux client can request tokens from a Windows token

server.

Once you’ve chosen a machine to act as your token server, you’ll need to run the grbgetkey command

on that machine to retrieve your Gurobi license key. Note that the machine must be connected to

the Internet in order to run this command. An Internet connection is not required after you have

obtained your license key.

If your computer isn’t connected to the Internet, we also oﬀer a manual license key process. You’ll

ﬁnd manual instructions at the bottom of the License Detail page (by following the link labeled

click here for additional instructions).

The exact command to run for a speciﬁc license is indicated at the bottom of the License Detail

page (e.g., grbgetkey 253e22f3-...). We recommend that you use copy-paste to copy the entire

grbgetkey command from our website and paste it directly into the Windows Search box (and then

hit Enter ): If you are unfamiliar with running command-line commands on a Windows system, you

can learn more here.

The grbgetkey program passes identifying information about your machine back to our website,

and the website responds with your license key. Once this exchange has occurred, grbgetkey will

ask for the name of the directory in which to store your license key ﬁle (gurobi.lic). You should

see a prompt that looks like this:

You can store the license key ﬁle anywhere, but we strongly recommend that you accept the default

location by hitting Enter . Setting up a non-default location is error-prone and a frequent source of

trouble.

it to the location of your license ﬁle (e.g., d:\gurobi\gurobi.lic). Important note: your new

environment variable must be a System variable, not a User variable.

Once you have followed the steps above and have obtained a license key ﬁle, your next step is to

start the token server.

4.3.2 Starting a token server

Important note: most Gurobi licenses do not use the token server. You should only

follow these instructions if you are setting up a single-use or ﬂoating license. If you

are not sure whether you need to start a token server, you can examine the contents

of your gurobi.lic ﬁle. If it contains the line TYPE=TOKEN, then you need a token server.

On a Windows system, you can start the token service by selecting the Gurobi Token Server menu

item from the Gurobi folder of the Start menu. You should only do so after you have installed the

Gurobi license key ﬁle.

Firewalls

The next step after starting the Gurobi token server depends on your anti-virus software and

ﬁrewall settings. Most anti-virus software will immediately ask you to conﬁrm that you are allowing

program grb_ts.exe to receive network traﬃc. Once you conﬁrm this, the token server will start

serving tokens. If you don’t receive such a prompt, you will need to add grb_ts.exe to the ﬁrewall

exceptions list. To do this, select Allow a program through Windows ﬁrewall under the Security

area of the Control Panel (labeled Allow an app through Windows ﬁrewall in Windows 8).

Some machines have more restrictive ﬁrewalls that may require additional action. The Gurobi token

server uses port 41954 by default. If you are unable to reach the token server after taking the steps

described, you should ask your network administrator for more information on how to open the

required port.

Starting and stopping the grb_ts Windows service

Once the token service has been started, you should see the grb_ts service listed in the Services tab

of the Task Manager. To start or stop the service, click on the Services button at the bottom-right

of the Services tab, and then right-click on the Gurobi Token Server item on this screen.

You can also start or stop the Gurobi Token Server service from a Console window with administrator

privileges. Running grb_ts -h lists command-line options. Issuing a grb_ts -s command stops a

running token server. If you are unfamiliar with running command-line commands on a Windows

system, you can learn more here.

Add the line

VERBOSE=1

to your gurobi.lic ﬁle to start the license service in verbose mode. Verbose mode produces a log

message (in the Windows Event Log) each time a token is checked in or out.

The token server will ignore this line, and the client will ignore everything but this line. Your

other option when both client and server are running on the same machine is to create a separate

gurobi.lic ﬁle for the client, and to set the GRB_LICENSE_FILE environment variable to point to

this ﬁle (following the earlier instructions for using a non-default license location).

Once your client license is in place, you can test the license. If you are unable to connect to the

server, you’ll need to make sure the server is installed and running. Please consult the instructions

for starting a token server for more information.

4.4 Setting up and using a Compute Server license

When using a Compute Server license, programs that call the Gurobi Optimizer can oﬄoad Gurobi

computations onto one or more server machines. There are a few steps involved in setting up such

licenses. The ﬁrst is to retrieve your license key. The key should be installed on the machine that

will act as a Compute Server. Once you have your key, you will need to start Gurobi Remote

Services. Finally, client machines will need a Compute Server client license in order to ﬁnd the

Compute Server(s).

Note that if you are setting up a machine as a client of an existing Compute Server, you just need

to create a Compute Server client license.

4.4.1 Retrieving a Compute Server license

If you have purchased one or more Gurobi Compute Server licenses, you’ll need to perform a

few setup steps in order to start your Compute Servers. Once started, client machines will be

able to oﬄoad the work of solving an optimization model onto these servers. The clients and the

Compute Servers can run any mix of supported operating systems. Thus, for example, multiple

Linux machines could submit jobs to a pair of Compute Servers, one running Windows and the

other running Linux. Any machine that can reach the Compute Server(s) over your network can be

a client (including the Compute Servers themselves).

Once you’ve chosen a machine to act as a Compute Server, you’ll need to run the grbgetkey

command on that machine to retrieve your Gurobi license key. Note that the machine must be

connected to the Internet in order to run this command. An Internet connection is not required

after you have obtained your license key.

If your computer isn’t connected to the Internet, we also oﬀer a manual license key process. You’ll

ﬁnd manual instructions at the bottom of the License Detail page (by following the link labeled

click here for additional instructions).

The exact command to run for a speciﬁc license is indicated at the bottom of the License Detail

page (e.g., grbgetkey 253e22f3-...). We recommend that you use copy-paste to copy the entire

grbgetkey command from our website and paste it directly into the Windows Search box (and then

hit Enter ): If you are unfamiliar with running command-line commands on a Windows system, you

can learn more here.

The grbgetkey program passes identifying information about your machine back to our website,

and the website responds with your license key. Once this exchange has occurred, grbgetkey will

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