基于可调谐腔的光纤法布里-珀罗滤波器实现高精度共振波长调整

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"Optical Fiber Fiber Fabry-Perot Filter With Tunable Cavity for High-Precision Resonance Wavelength Adjustment" 这篇研究论文详细探讨了一种基于光学纤维的Fabry-Perot（F-P）滤波器设计，该滤波器具有可调谐腔体，能够实现高精度的共振波长调整。在光纤通信和光传感领域，精确控制光波长对于信号处理和传输至关重要。文章的主要贡献在于提出了一种创新方法，利用活性光纤作为腔体材料，以达到更高的波长调谐精度。传统的F-P滤波器由两面反射镜构成一个光学谐振腔，而在这项研究中，两块高反射率的光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）被用作反射器。FBG是一种在光纤内部周期性改变折射率的结构，可以反射特定波长的光，形成窄带滤波效果。这两块FBG之间通过一段钴掺杂的单模光纤连接，形成F-P谐振腔。谐振峰出现在FBG的谱线上，与腔体的光学路径长度直接相关。腔体的光学路径长度，即共振频率，可以通过调节钴掺杂光纤的长度或其折射率来改变。由于钴离子的能级结构，其折射率可以通过外部刺激如温度或磁场进行调控。这种可控性使得腔体的共振波长能够在一定范围内动态调整，从而实现了高精度的波长调谐。论文进一步分析了这种可调谐F-P滤波器的性能，包括其调谐范围、分辨率和稳定性。作者可能还讨论了实际应用中的挑战，如温度稳定性、损耗以及潜在的噪声问题，并提出了相应的解决方案。此外，可能还进行了实验验证，展示了该滤波器在实际光通信系统或光传感网络中的潜在优势。这项工作为光学滤波技术提供了一个新的视角，尤其是在需要精确控制光波长的场景下，例如光分插复用（WDM）、光频域光谱分析（OFSA）和激光频率稳定等应用。通过结合活性光纤和FBG，提出的F-P滤波器设计有望在未来的光子学系统中发挥重要作用，推动光学通信和传感技术的发展。

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DOI 10.1109/JLT.2015.2426193, Journal of Lightwave Technology

2950 JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 33, NO. 14, JULY 15, 2015

Optical Fiber Fiber Fabry–Perot Filter With Tunable

Cavity for High-Precision Resonance

Wavelength Adjustment

Bin Zhou, Henghe Jiang, Renzhan Wang, and Changtao Lu

Abstract—In this paper, we propose an optical ﬁber Fabry–Perot

(F–P) ﬁlter whose cavity is made of active ﬁber for high-precision

resonance wavelength adjustment. Two high reﬂective ﬁber Bragg

gratings (FBG) are used as the reﬂectors and they are connected by

a short cobalt-doped single mode ﬁber to form the F–P structure.

The resonant peak of the cavity is the fringe formed on the FBG

spectrum. The optical path length of the F–P cavity, i.e., the res-

onate peak of the ﬁlter, is adjustable when the cobalt-doped ﬁber

is heated by a heating laser. Experiment shows wavelength tuning

coefﬁcient is 8.1 MHz/mW at 1550 nm (0.065 pm/mW) which in-

dicates the high-precision wavelength adjustment characteristics.

The response time is also measured and it is independent to the

level of the heating power and the material of the surrounding

media. The all-optical controllable feature also makes this ﬁlter a

promising device in many applications.

Index Terms—Fabry–Perot resonators, optical ﬁber devices,

optical ﬁber ﬁlters.

I. INTRODUCTION

HE optical ﬁber ﬁlter has wide range of applications in the

ﬁeld of ﬁber optics, such as tunable optical ﬁber lasers [1],

[2], ﬁber sensors [3], [4] and ultrasonic imaging [5]. In order

to achieve the tunable feature, various kinds of ﬁber ﬁlters have

been developed: thin ﬁlm interference ﬁlters [6], phase shifted

ﬁlters [7], Fabry–Perot (F–P) ﬁlters [8] and Fiber Bragg Grating

(FBG) ﬁlters [9], [10], etc. These ﬁlters have got different ad-

vantages and could meet different requirements. However there

is limited ﬁber ﬁlter nowadays that can realize both all-optical

controlling and high-precision wavelength adjustment, as the

cavity length is ﬁxed once the F–P structure has been made. As

its non-contact property, all-optical controlling has its unique ad-

vantages such as remote controlling, small size, no mechanical

structure, EM immunity and long lifetime. The high-precision

wavelength adjustment of a ﬁlter is also important in optics.

In this paper a narrow bandwidth ﬁber F–P ﬁlter whose cav-

ity is made of cobalt doped ﬁber (CDF) is proposed. The CDF

is a kind of active ﬁber which can absorb optical power and

Manuscript received January 17, 2015; revised April 8, 2015; accepted April

22, 2015. Date of publication April 23, 2015; date of current version June 3,

2015. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Founda-

tion of China under Grant 61307053, the China Post-Doctoral Science Founda-

tion under Grant 2013M531866, and the Guangdong Innovative Research Team

Program under Grant 201001D0104799318.

The authors are with the South China Academy of Advanced Opto-

electronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China

(e-mail: zhoubin_mail@163.com; henghe.jiang@coer-scnu.org; renzhan.

wang@coer-scnu.org; changtao.lu@coer-scnu.org).

Color versions of one or more of the ﬁgures in this paper are available online

at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.

Digital Object Identiﬁer 10.1109/JLT.2015.2426193

transform it to heat effectively due to the nonradiative processes

[11]. The generated heat enlarges the effective cavity length and

ultimately changes its free spectral range (FSR). By this means,

the F–P ﬁlter can be controlled by a heating laser to achieve

the wavelength adjustable property. The reﬂectors of the ﬁlter

are formed by two high reﬂective FBGs, which are fabricated in

the ordinary single mode ﬁber (SMF) and with the same re-

fraction spectra. Thus the resonant peak of the F–P ﬁlter which

formed due to the cavity is the fringe within the FBG spectrum.

The generated heat by CDF is mainly centralized in the cavity

as the thermal conductivity of the silica is small. Thus the inﬂu-

ence of the heat to the FBG is limited. Furthermore, two efforts

have been made in this paper to make sure the envelope of the

ﬁlter, i.e. the FBG’s spectrum shifts smaller than the resonant

peak of the ﬁlter itself.

II. E

XPERIMENTAL SETUP AND THE DESIGN OF THE TUNABLE

FIBER F–P FILTER

The ﬁber F–P ﬁlter proposed here is formed by FBGs pair,

unlike other F–P structures, the effective cavity length is not

simply comprised by the cavity itself, but also includes some

part of the reﬂectors, as the light is not simply refracted at end

of FBG [12]. Here we deﬁne the proposed F–P effective cavity

length (optical path length) as

= n

eﬀ

+2L

eﬀ FBG

(1)

where L

(see the left inset of Fig. 1) is the adjacent end to end

physical length of the FBGs and L

eﬀ FBG

is the FBG’s effective

length [12], respectively. n

eﬀ

is the effective refraction index.

eﬀ FBG

is determined by the group delay of light reﬂected

from the grating and depends on its refraction coefﬁcient [12]

eﬀ FBG

= L

FBG

eﬀ

√

R/2atanh(

√

R) (2)

where L

FBG

is the FBG’s physical length, R is its peak reﬂec-

tivity. When the effective cavity length changes, the shift of the

wavelength Δλ would be

Δλ = λΔL

(3)

where λ is the operation wavelength of the F–P ﬁlter. The cavity

is made of CDF that can convert the optical power into heat,

which enlarges the effective cavity length and leads to ΔL

The FSR of the F–P cavity is described as [12]

FSR =

. (4)

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