Oracle VM VirtualBox 用户手册：从入门到精通

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"Oracle VM VirtualBox 用户手册是一个详细的指南，涵盖了VirtualBox的使用、环境配置以及各种功能。手册包括从安装到高级操作的所有步骤，旨在帮助用户轻松掌握VirtualBox的使用。" VirtualBox是一款强大的虚拟化软件，由Oracle公司开发。用户手册详细介绍了为何虚拟化技术有用，以及VirtualBox的主要特性。虚拟化技术允许在同一台物理机器上运行多个独立的操作系统实例，提高了硬件资源的利用率，便于测试、开发和部署应用。 1.1 虚拟化的用途：虚拟化有助于隔离不同的操作系统环境，可以同时运行多种操作系统，无需重启即可在它们之间切换。这对于软件测试、系统管理员的工作和开发者进行跨平台兼容性测试都非常有用。 1.2 术语介绍： - 主机（Host）：运行VirtualBox的物理计算机。 - 客户机（Guest）：在VirtualBox中运行的虚拟操作系统。 - 集成服务（Integration Services）：使主机和客户机能更好地协同工作的一组驱动程序和组件。 1.3 功能概览： VirtualBox支持包括3D图形加速、USB设备直接连接、网络仿真和热添加硬件在内的多种功能。 1.4 支持的主机操作系统： VirtualBox可以在Windows、macOS、Linux及Solaris等多平台上运行。 1.5 安装与启动：手册详细阐述了在不同操作系统上的安装步骤，包括必要的先决条件、安装过程和卸载方法。 1.6 创建第一个虚拟机：用户需要指定操作系统类型、分配内存和磁盘空间，然后安装客户机操作系统。 1.7 运行虚拟机： - 键盘和鼠标支持：VirtualBox提供了多种模式来控制虚拟机中的键盘和鼠标输入。 - 可移动媒体更换：用户可以方便地在虚拟机中模拟插入或移除CD/DVD、USB设备等。 - 保存机器状态：可随时保存当前虚拟机的状态，以便稍后恢复。 1.8 快照：快照允许用户记录虚拟机的当前状态，方便回滚到特定时间点。 1.9 虚拟机配置：用户可以调整虚拟机的硬件设置，如内存大小、网络适配器类型等。 1.10 删除虚拟机：不再需要的虚拟机可以通过简单的步骤删除。 1.11 导入和导出虚拟机：这一功能使得虚拟机可以方便地在不同主机间迁移，或者共享给其他用户。 1.12 替代前端界面： VirtualBox支持多种前端接口，如命令行工具和第三方图形界面。 2.1 至2.3章节分别详述了在Windows、macOS和Linux主机上安装VirtualBox的细节，包括自动无人值守安装。通过这个用户手册，无论是新手还是有经验的用户，都能找到解决各种问题的方法，全面了解并熟练运用VirtualBox。

1 First steps

– Windows Server 2008 (32-bit and 64-bit)

– Windows 7 (32-bit and 64-bit)

• Mac OS X hosts:

– 10.5 (Leopard, 32-bit)

– 10.6 (Snow Leopard, 32-bit and 64-bit)

Intel hardware is required; please see chapter 13, Known limitations, page 210

also.

• Linux hosts (32-bit and 64-bit

). Among others, this includes:

– Ubuntu 6.06 (“Dapper Drake”), 6.10 (“Edgy Eft”), 7.04 (“Feisty Fawn”),

7.10 (“Gutsy Gibbon”), 8.04 (“Hardy Heron”), 8.10 (“Intrepid Ibex”), 9.04

(“Jaunty Jackalope”), 9.10 (“Karmic Koala”), 10.04 (“Lucid Lynx”).

– Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 (“sarge”), 4.0 (“etch”) and 5.0 (“lenny”)

– Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 and 5

– Redhat Enterprise Linux 4 and 5

– Fedora Core 4 to 12

– Gentoo Linux

– SUSE Linux 9 and 10, openSUSE 10.3, 11.0, 11.1, 11.2

– Mandriva 2007.1, 2008.0, 2009.1, 2010.0

It should be possible to use VirtualBox on most systems based on Linux kernel

2.6 using either the VirtualBox installer or by doing a manual installation; see

chapter 2.3, Installing on Linux hosts, page 37.

Note that starting with VirtualBox 2.1, Linux 2.4-based host operating systems

are no longer supported.

• Solaris hosts (32-bit and 64-bit

) are supported with the restrictions listed in

chapter 13, Known limitations, page 210:

– OpenSolaris (2008.05 and higher, “Nevada” build 86 and higher)

– Solaris 10 (u5 and higher)

1.5 Installing and starting VirtualBox

VirtualBox comes in many different packages, and installation depends on your host

platform. If you have installed software before, installation should be straightforward

as on each host platform, VirtualBox uses the installation method that is most common

and easy to use. If you run into trouble or have special requirements, please refer

Preliminary Mac OS X support (beta stage) was added with VirtualBox 1.4, full support with 1.6. Mac OS

X 10.4 (Tiger) support was removed with VirtualBox 3.1.

Support for 64-bit Linux was added with VirtualBox 1.4.

Support for OpenSolaris was added with VirtualBox 1.6.

1 First steps

1. A name for your VM, and the type of operating system (OS) you want to install.

The name is what you will later see in the VirtualBox main window, and what

your settings will be stored under. It is purely informational, but once you have

created a few VMs, you will appreciate if you have given your VMs informative

names. “My VM” probably is therefore not as useful as “Windows XP SP2”.

For “Operating System Type”, select the operating system that you want to install

later. Depending on your selection, VirtualBox will enable or disable certain

VM settings that your guest operating system may require. This is particularly

important for 64-bit guests (see chapter 3.1.2, 64-bit guests, page 49). It is

therefore recommended to always set it to the correct value.

2. The amount of memory (RAM) that the virtual machine should have for itself.

Every time a virtual machine is started, VirtualBox will allocate this much mem-

ory from your host machine and present it to the guest operating system, which

will report this size as the (virtual) computer’s installed RAM.

Note: Choose this setting carefully! The memory you give to the VM will

not be available to your host OS while the VM is running, so do not specify

more than you can spare. For example, if your host machine has 1 GB of

RAM and you enter 512 MB as the amount of RAM for a particular virtual

machine, while that VM is running, you will only have 512 MB left for all the

other software on your host. If you run two VMs at the same time, even more

memory will be allocated for the second VM (which may not even be able to

start if that memory is not available). On the other hand, you should specify

as much as your guest OS (and your applications) will require to run properly.

A Windows XP guest will require at least a few hundred MB RAM to run properly,

and Windows Vista will even refuse to install with less than 512 MB. Of course,

if you want to run graphics-intensive applications in your VM, you may require

even more RAM.

So, as a rule of thumb, if you have 1 GB of RAM or more in your host computer,

it is usually safe to allocate 512 MB to each VM. But, in any case, make sure you

always have at least 256 to 512 MB of RAM left on your host operating system.

Otherwise you may cause your host OS to excessively swap out memory to your

hard disk, effectively bringing your host system to a standstill.

Note: VirtualBox restricts the amount of guest RAM to 1500 MB on 32-bit

Windows hosts and to 2560 MB on 32-bit Linux and Solaris hosts due to

address-space limitations. These restrictions do not apply to 64-bit hosts.

As with the other settings, you can change this setting later, after you have cre-

ated the VM.

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