大型语言模型在教育：机遇、挑战与对策

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"这篇立场论文探讨了大型语言模型在教育中的机遇与挑战，特别是ChatGPT这样的技术。文章指出，虽然这些模型带来了创造教育内容、增强学生参与度和个性化学习体验的可能性，但也存在一系列挑战，如理解技术局限性、潜在偏见、滥用问题以及需要培养教师和学生对AI技术的批判性思维。论文建议教育系统应制定策略，教授事实检查技能，并关注社会偏见和风险的教育。" 大型语言模型，如ChatGPT，是人工智能领域的重要进展，它们在教育中有着广泛的应用前景。这些模型能够生成多样化的文本，帮助教师创造新颖的教学材料，提高课堂互动性，通过个性化的学习路径适应不同学生的需求。例如，语言模型可以用来创建自适应的学习资源，根据学生的学习进度和理解能力调整难度，从而提升学习效率。然而，大型语言模型也带来了一系列挑战。首先，教育者和学习者需要具备理解这些技术的能力，包括其局限性和可能的错误。模型可能会产生不准确或误导性的信息，因此培养学生的批判性思维和事实检查能力至关重要。其次，模型的输出可能存在偏见，这要求教师监控并解释这些偏见来源，以防止在学习环境中传播错误观念。此外，防止技术的滥用也是教育者需要关注的问题，如确保学生不会利用这些工具进行作弊。为应对这些挑战，教育系统需要建立明确的战略，将大型语言模型纳入教学计划，并教导学生正确使用和评估这些工具。教师的角色将转变为指导者，帮助学生理解和评估AI生成的内容。同时，需要在课程中融入关于人工智能伦理和社会影响的讨论，使学生从小就认识到技术的潜在社会偏见和风险。论文最后提出，通过适当的引导和教育，这些挑战可以转化为教育机会，让学生在实践中学习如何识别和解决AI带来的问题。这将不仅增强学生的技术素养，还能培养他们成为更负责任的数字公民。大型语言模型在教育中的应用是一把双刃剑，需要平衡机遇与挑战，以确保其在教育中的使用是道德和负责任的。

ChatGPT for Good? On Opportunities and Challenges of Large Language Models for Education — 3/12

They can also generate questions and prompts that encourage

learners to think critically about their work and to analyze and

interpret the information presented to them.

In conclusion, large language models have the potential to

provide a wide range of beneﬁts and opportunities for students

and professionals at all stages of education. They can assist

in the development of reading, writing, math, science, and

language skills, as well as providing students with personal-

ized practice materials, summaries and explanations, which

can help to improve student performance and contribute to en-

hanced learning experiences. Additionally, large language

models can also assist in research, writing, and problem-

solving tasks, and provide domain-speciﬁc language skills

and other skills for professional training. However, as pre-

viously mentioned, the use of these models should be done

with caution, as they also have limitations such as lack of

interpretability and potential for bias, unexpected brittleness

in relatively simple tasks [9] which need to be addressed.

1.2 Opportunities for Teaching

Large language models, such as ChatGPT, have the potential

to revolutionize teaching and assist in teaching processes.

Below we provide only a few examples of how these models

can beneﬁt teachers:

For personalized learning, teachers can use large lan-

guage models to create personalized learning experiences for

their students. These models can analyze student’s writing

and responses, and provide tailored feedback and suggest ma-

terials that align with the student’s speciﬁc learning needs.

Such support can save teachers’ time and effort in creating

personalized materials and feedback, and also allow them to

focus on other aspects of teaching, such as creating engaging

and interactive lessons.

For lesson planning, large language models can also as-

sist teachers in the creation of (inclusive) lesson plans and

activities. Teachers can input to the models the corpus of

document based on which they want to build a course. The

output can be a course syllabus with short description of each

topic. Language models can also generate questions and

prompts that encourage the participation of people at different

knowledge and ability levels, and elicit critical thinking and

problem-solving. Moreover, they can be used to generate tar-

geted and personalized practice problems and quizzes, which

can help to ensure that students are mastering the material.

For language learning, teachers of language classes can

use large language models in an assistive way, e.g., to high-

light important phrases, generate summaries and translations,

provide explanations of grammar and vocabulary, suggest

grammatical or style improvements and assist in conversation

practice. Language models can also provide teachers with

adaptive and personalized means to assist students in their

language learning journey, which can make language learning

more engaging and effective for students.

For research and writing, large language models can

assist teachers of university and high school classes to com-

plete research and writing tasks (e.g., in seminar works, paper

writing, and feedback to students) more efﬁciently and effec-

tively. The most basic help can happen at a syntactic level,

i.e., identifying and correcting typos. At a semantic level,

large language models can be used to highlight (potential)

grammatical inconsistencies and suggest adequate and person-

alized improvement strategies. Going further, these models

can be used to identify possibilities for topic-speciﬁc style

improvement. They can also be used to generate summaries

and outlines of challenging texts, which can help teachers and

researchers to highlight the main points of a text in a way

that is helpful for further deep dive and understanding of the

content in question.

For professional development, large language models

can also assist teachers by providing them with resources,

summaries, and explanations of new teaching methodologies,

technologies, and materials. This can help teachers stay up-to-

date with the latest developments and techniques in education,

and contribute to the effectiveness of their teaching. They can

be used to improve the clarity of the teaching materials, locate

information or resources that professionals may be in need for

as they learn on the job, as well as used for on-the-job training

modules that require presentation and communication skills.

For assessment and evaluation, teachers can use large

language models to semi-automate the grading of student work

by highlighting potential strengths and weakness of the work

in question, e.g., essays, research papers, and other writing

assignments. This can save teachers a signiﬁcant amount of

time for tasks related to individualized feedback to students.

Furthermore, large language models can also be used to check

for plagiarism, which can help to prevent cheating. Hence,

large language models can help teachers to identify areas

where students are struggling, which adds to a more accurate

assessments of student learning development and challenges.

Targeted instruction provided by the models can be used to

help students excel and to provide opportunities for further

development.

The acquaintance of students with AI challenges related

to the potential bias in the output, the need for continuous hu-

man oversight, and the potential for misuse of large language

models are not unique to education. In fact, these challenges

are inherent to transformative digital technologies. Thus, we

believe that, if handled sensibly by the teacher, these chal-

lenges can be insightful in learning and education scenarios to

acquaint students early on with potential societal biases, and

risks of AI application.

In conclusion, large language models have the potential

to revolutionize teaching from a teacher’s perspective by pro-

viding teachers with a wide range of tools and resources that

can assist with lesson planning, personalized content creation,

differentiation and personalized instruction, assessment, and

professional development. Overall, large language models

have the potential to be a powerful tool in education, and

there are a number of ongoing research efforts exploring its

potential applications in this area.

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