从入门到精通：The Art of Assembly Language第二版编程指南

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《The Art of Assembly Language》第二版是一本专为初学者打造的权威指南，旨在深入解析和教授汇编语言艺术。该书因其详尽且实用的内容而备受赞誉，被软件开发人员、安全论坛和多个技术社群推荐。作者以其独特的视角和精心编排，带领读者跨越传统学习障碍，成功地进入这个看似复杂但实际上充满潜力的编程领域。书中涵盖了广泛的汇编语言基础知识，从基本概念如指令集、寻址方式到高级主题如内存管理、中断处理和系统调用，都进行了深入剖析。作者巧妙地将理论知识与实际编程实践相结合，通过精心设计的教程和附带的示例代码，帮助读者逐步掌握汇编语言的编写技巧。每个章节都配有清晰易懂的解释，使复杂概念变得易于理解，确保学习者不会在学习过程中迷失方向。《The Art of Assembly Language》不仅适合那些希望提升技能的程序员，也对系统级编程、嵌入式开发以及了解计算机底层工作原理的读者极具价值。其全面性使得无论你是经验丰富的开发者还是初次接触者，都能从中受益匪浅。总体来说，这本书不仅是一本技术参考书，更像是一部引导读者掌握汇编语言的实用教程，是任何想要精通这一领域的学习者的必备良书。

xiv Contents in Detail

LOW-LEVEL CONTROL STRUCTURES 413

7.1 Low-Level Control Structures.......................................................................... 414

7.2 Statement Labels ......................................................................................... 414

7.3 Unconditional Transfer of Control (jmp) ......................................................... 416

7.4 The Conditional Jump Instructions.................................................................. 418

7.5 “Medium-Level” Control Structures: jt and jf.................................................... 421

7.6 Implementing Common Control Structures in Assembly Language...................... 422

7.7 Introduction to Decisions .............................................................................. 422

7.7.1 if..then..else Sequences ............................................................. 424

7.7.2 Translating HLA if Statements into Pure Assembly Language ........... 427

7.7.3 Implementing Complex if Statements Using

Complete Boolean Evaluation .......................................... 432

7.7.4 Short-Circuit Boolean Evaluation................................................. 433

7.7.5 Short-Circuit vs. Complete Boolean Evaluation.............................. 435

7.7.6 Efficient Implementation of if Statements in Assembly Language...... 437

7.7.7 switch/case Statements ............................................................. 442

7.8 State Machines and Indirect Jumps................................................................ 452

7.9 Spaghetti Code .......................................................................................... 455

7.10 Loops ........................................................................................................ 456

7.10.1 while Loops.............................................................................. 457

7.10.2 repeat..until Loops .................................................................... 458

7.10.3 forever..endfor Loops ................................................................ 459

7.10.4 for Loops ................................................................................. 460

7.10.5 The break and continue Statements ............................................. 461

7.10.6 Register Usage and Loops.......................................................... 465

7.11 Performance Improvements .......................................................................... 466

7.11.1 Moving the Termination Condition to the End of a Loop................. 466

7.11.2 Executing the Loop Backwards ................................................... 469

7.11.3 Loop-Invariant Computations ...................................................... 470

7.11.4 Unraveling Loops...................................................................... 471

7.11.5 Induction Variables ................................................................... 472

7.12 Hybrid Control Structures in HLA................................................................... 473

7.13 For More Information .................................................................................. 476

ADVANCED ARITHMETIC 477

8.1 Multiprecision Operations............................................................................ 478

8.1.1 HLA Standard Library Support for Extended-Precision Operations ... 478

8.1.2 Multiprecision Addition Operations............................................. 480

8.1.3 Multiprecision Subtraction Operations......................................... 483

8.1.4 Extended-Precision Comparisons ................................................ 485

8.1.5 Extended-Precision Multiplication................................................ 488

8.1.6 Extended-Precision Division........................................................ 492

8.1.7 Extended-Precision neg Operations............................................. 501

8.1.8 Extended-Precision and Operations............................................. 503

8.1.9 Extended-Precision or Operations ............................................... 503

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Contents in Detail xv

8.1.10 Extended-Precision xor Operations.............................................. 504

8.1.11 Extended-Precision not Operations.............................................. 504

8.1.12 Extended-Precision Shift Operations ............................................ 504

8.1.13 Extended-Precision Rotate Operations ......................................... 508

8.1.14 Extended-Precision I/O ............................................................. 509

8.2 Operating on Different-Size Operands .......................................................... 530

8.3 Decimal Arithmetic...................................................................................... 532

8.3.1 Literal BCD Constants................................................................ 533

8.3.2 The 80x86 daa and das Instructions ........................................... 534

8.3.3 The 80x86 aaa, aas, aam, and aad Instructions .......................... 535

8.3.4 Packed Decimal Arithmetic Using the FPU.................................... 537

8.4 Tables ....................................................................................................... 539

8.4.1 Function Computation via Table Lookup....................................... 539

8.4.2 Domain Conditioning................................................................ 544

8.4.3 Generating Tables .................................................................... 545

8.4.4 Table Lookup Performance......................................................... 548

8.5 For More Information .................................................................................. 549

MACROS AND THE HLA COMPILE-TIME LANGUAGE 551

9.1 Introduction to the Compile-Time Language (CTL) ............................................ 551

9.2 The #print and #error Statements.................................................................. 553

9.3 Compile-Time Constants and Variables.......................................................... 555

9.4 Compile-Time Expressions and Operators ...................................................... 555

9.5 Compile-Time Functions ............................................................................... 558

9.5.1 Type-Conversion Compile-Time Functions..................................... 559

9.5.2 Numeric Compile-Time Functions ................................................ 561

9.5.3 Character-Classification Compile-Time Functions........................... 561

9.5.4 Compile-Time String Functions .................................................... 561

9.5.5 Compile-Time Symbol Information............................................... 562

9.5.6 Miscellaneous Compile-Time Functions ........................................ 563

9.5.7 Compile-Time Type Conversions of Text Objects ........................... 564

9.6 Conditional Compilation (Compile-Time Decisions).......................................... 565

9.7 Repetitive Compilation (Compile-Time Loops).................................................. 570

9.8 Macros (Compile-Time Procedures) ............................................................... 573

9.8.1 Standard Macros...................................................................... 574

9.8.2 Macro Parameters .................................................................... 576

9.8.3 Local Symbols in a Macro ......................................................... 582

9.8.4 Macros as Compile-Time Procedures ........................................... 585

9.8.5 Simulating Function Overloading with Macros.............................. 586

9.9 Writing Compile-Time “Programs” ................................................................ 592

9.9.1 Constructing Data Tables at Compile Time................................... 592

9.9.2 Unrolling Loops ........................................................................ 596

9.10 Using Macros in Different Source Files........................................................... 598

9.11 For More Information .................................................................................. 598

AAL2E_03.book Page xv Thursday, February 18, 2010 12:49 PM

xvi Contents in Detail

BIT MANIPULATION 599

10.1 What Is Bit Data, Anyway?.......................................................................... 600

10.2 Instructions That Manipulate Bits ................................................................... 601

10.3 The Carry Flag as a Bit Accumulator ............................................................. 609

10.4 Packing and Unpacking Bit Strings................................................................ 609

10.5 Coalescing Bit Sets and Distributing Bit Strings ............................................... 612

10.6 Packed Arrays of Bit Strings ......................................................................... 615

10.7 Searching for a Bit ...................................................................................... 617

10.8 Counting Bits.............................................................................................. 620

10.9 Reversing a Bit String .................................................................................. 623

10.10 Merging Bit Strings ..................................................................................... 625

10.11 Extracting Bit Strings ................................................................................... 626

10.12 Searching for a Bit Pattern ........................................................................... 627

10.13 The HLA Standard Library Bits Module........................................................... 628

10.14 For More Information .................................................................................. 631

THE STRING INSTRUCTIONS 633

11.1 The 80x86 String Instructions ....................................................................... 634

11.1.1 How the String Instructions Operate ............................................ 634

11.1.2 The rep/repe/repz and repnz/repne Prefixes.............................. 635

11.1.3 The Direction Flag..................................................................... 636

11.1.4 The movs Instruction.................................................................. 638

11.1.5 The cmps Instruction.................................................................. 644

11.1.6 The scas Instruction ................................................................... 647

11.1.7 The stos Instruction.................................................................... 648

11.1.8 The lods Instruction ................................................................... 648

11.1.9 Building Complex String Functions from lods and stos ................... 649

11.2 Performance of the 80x86 String Instructions.................................................. 650

11.3 For More Information .................................................................................. 650

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Contents in Detail xvii

CLASSES AND OBJECTS 651

12.1 General Principles....................................................................................... 652

12.2 Classes in HLA ........................................................................................... 654

12.3 Objects ..................................................................................................... 657

12.4 Inheritance................................................................................................. 659

12.5 Overriding................................................................................................. 660

12.6 Virtual Methods vs. Static Procedures ............................................................ 661

12.7 Writing Class Methods and Procedures ......................................................... 663

12.8 Object Implementation ................................................................................ 668

12.8.1 Virtual Method Tables ............................................................... 671

12.8.2 Object Representation with Inheritance........................................ 673

12.9 Constructors and Object Initialization............................................................ 677

12.9.1 Dynamic Object Allocation Within the Constructor ....................... 679

12.9.2 Constructors and Inheritance ..................................................... 681

12.9.3 Constructor Parameters and Procedure Overloading ..................... 685

12.10 Destructors ................................................................................................. 686

12.11 HLA’s _initialize_ and _finalize_ Strings......................................................... 687

12.12 Abstract Methods........................................................................................ 693

12.13 Runtime Type Information............................................................................. 696

12.14 Calling Base Class Methods......................................................................... 698

12.15 For More Information .................................................................................. 699

APPENDIX

ASCII CHARACTER SET 701

INDEX 705

AAL2E_03.book Page xvii Thursday, February 18, 2010 12:49 PM

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